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Climate - Spain


Average weather, temperature, rainfall, sunshine

Flag - Spain

Map - Spain

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Index


  • Introduction
  • The north - Atlantic coast
  • Mediterranean climate - Barcelona, Alicante
  • Interior - Meseta, Andalusian plain
  • Mountains - Pyrenees
  • Sea temperature

Introduction



In Spain there are, broadly speaking, five types of climate:
- the climate of the Atlantic coast, cool, humid and rainy;
- the climate of the central plateau, quite arid and moderately continental, with relatively cold winters and hot summers (see Madrid);
- the Mediterranean climate of the southern and eastern coastal regions (see Barcelona, Balearic Islands, Valencia, Málaga), mild and sunny;
- the mountainous climate of the Pyrenees and the Sierras, more or less cold depending on altitude;
- finally, the almost African climate of Andalusia, mild in winter and very hot in summer.
Therefore, Spain is not always warm and sunny as you might think.
However, if you exclude the north-facing coast, in much of Spain the summer is hot, dry and sunny.

The north


Atlantic coast

In the north, along the coast bordering the Atlantic Ocean (see La Coruna, Gijon, Santander, Bilbao), winter is mild and humid: rainfall is frequent and sunshine is relatively rare. The coasts of Galicia and Asturias, more exposed to the westerly winds, are often windy, but sometimes this can happen in Cantabria and in the Basque Country too. In Galicia (see Santiago de Compostela), the rainfall is particularly abundant, especially from October to April.
In this area, summer is cool and quite rainy too, and even in July and August the sky is often covered with clouds; the sea is not warm, barely reaching 21 °C (70 °F) in August.
Here are the average temperatures of Santander, in Cantabria.
Santander - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January81310.6465651.1
February81310.4465650.8
March91511.8485953.3
April101612.7496054.9
May121815546459
June152017.6596863.6
July172219.7637267.4
August182320.5647468.8
September162218.8607165.8
October142016.8576862.2
November101613.2516155.8
December91411.4485752.5
Year12.117.714.8553.763.959

In this northern area, the rains are abundant, and some rain may also fall in summer. In Santander, more than 1,100 mm (43 in) of rain fall per year. Here is the average rainfall in Santander.
Santander - Average precipitation
MonthMillimetersInchesDays
January1104.313
February853.311
March853.310
April1003.912
May75311
June602.49
July5028
August702.89
September903.510
October1154.512
November1556.110
December1254.913
Year111543.9127

On the north coast of the Atlantic Ocean, the sun does not shine very often, even in summer.
Santander - Sunshine hours
MonthAverageTotal
January2.585
February3.5105
March4.5135
April5150
May5.5170
June6180
July6185
August6180
September5.5160
October4130
November395
December2.575
Year4.51645

Mediterranean climate



On the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and on the small Atlantic coastline of the Gulf of Cádiz (see Barcelona, Valencia, Balearic Islands, Almeria, Málaga, Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera), winter is mild. However, in comparison to the northern coast, the rains are rarer and the sunshine is more frequent. This is due to the fact that the Mediterranean coasts of Spain, exposed as they are to the east and the south, are relatively sheltered from Atlantic weather fronts.
Along the Mediterranean coast and on the Balearic Islands, summer is hot and sunny, as is typical of the Mediterranean climate. The air is humid, but sea breezes temper the heat during the day.
On the Costa Brava, in Catalonia, on the border with France (see Lloret de Mar), the average January temperature is 8.5 °C (47 °F). In the northernmost part of the coast, the tramontana, the cold wind from France, can sometimes blow.

Barcelona

Further to the south, in Barcelona, the January average reaches 10 °C (50 °F). The summer is hot and sunny, a little less hot but more humid than in Madrid, with occasional thunderstorms during the afternoon. Here are the average temperatures.
Barcelona - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January6149.8425749.6
February61510.3435850.5
March81612.3476254.1
April101914.5516558.1
May142217.9577164.2
June182621.7647871.1
July212824.5698376.1
August212925.1708477.3
September182622647971.6
October142218.3587265
November91813.5496456.2
December61510.5435850.9
Year12.720.816.754.869.562

In Barcelona, the rains are not abundant, and residents are asked not to waste water. Here is the average precipitation.
Barcelona - Average precipitation
MonthMillimetersInchesDays
January401.64
February401.64
March351.45
April401.65
May552.25
June301.24
July200.82
August652.65
September853.35
October1003.97
November652.65
December401.65
Year62024.456

Further south, in the Valencian Community (see Castellón, Valencia), the January average is around 11 °C (52 °F).
East of Valencia, the Balearic Islands (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera) have a Mediterranean climate, but they are also quite windy. While the easternmost island, Menorca, is the windiest because of the cool wind blowing at times from southern France, Ibiza and Formentera, located more to the south, are milder and more sheltered. However, summer is hot and sunny on all the islands.
Ibiza - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January81611.8466153.3
February81611.9466153.5
March91813.6496456.5
April122015.8536860.4
May152318.8587465.9
June182722.8658173
July223025.6718678.1
August223026.4728779.4
September202823.7688274.7
October162420.2617568.3
November122015.8546760.4
December91712.9486255.3
Year14.322.418.2557.772.365

Alicante

South of Valencia, in the province of Alicante, where the coast is exposed to the south-east, the winter is particularly mild, with an average in January of about 12 °C (53.5 °F), besides, annual rainfall drops below 400 mm (15.5 in) per year.
Here are the average temperatures of Alicante, in the Costa Blanca.
Alicante - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January71711.8446353.3
February71812.3456454.1
March91914.1486757.3
April112116.2527161.1
May142419.3587666.7
June182823.1658373.6
July213025.8708778.5
August223126.4718879.6
September192823.8668374.8
October152520597768
November112115.6516960
December81812.7466454.8
Year13.523.518.456.274.265

In the Costa Blanca, precipitation is particularly scarce. In Alicante, just 285 mm (11.2 in) of rain fall each year. Here is the average precipitation.
Alicante - Average precipitation
MonthMillimetersInchesDays
January200.84
February200.83
March200.83
April301.24
May301.24
June100.42
July50.21
August50.21
September401.64
October451.84
November351.44
December2514
Year28511.237

On the central and southern coasts of the Mediterranean, the sun shines quite often even in winter.
Alicante - Sunshine hours
MonthAverageTotal
January6185
February6.5180
March7220
April8.5250
May9.5290
June10.5315
July11345
August10315
September8245
October7220
November6175
December5.5165
Year7.92900

More to the south, the southern part of the Costa de Murcia (Costa Cálida) and the Costa de Almería, being protected by the Sierra Nevada, are even more arid, and have a relatively dry and sunny winter, so the climate of these areas is semi-desert, and this happens also in Los Monegros, between Zaragoza and Lleida, where the movies called "spaghetti Western" were shot.
On the coast of Andalusia, continuing westwards, the climate is still Mediterranean (see Málaga), but on the southern tip, where Gibraltar and Tarifa are found, it is cooler and windier in summer, and rainier in winter.
In south-western Spain, we find another portion of the coast facing the Atlantic Ocean, the Costa de la Luz. But here the climate is Mediterranean, ie with hot and sunny summers, although the influence of the ocean is felt, so the heat is generally not as sultry as on the Mediterranean coast; moreover, the sea is very cool even in the middle of summer (see below).

Interior


Meseta

The interior of Spain (see Valladolid, León, Pamplona, Madrid, Salamanca, Zaragoza), is largely occupied by a plateau, called Meseta, which has an average altitude of 700/800 meters (2,300/2,600 feet) and has colder winters.
In Madrid, the capital, located at the center of the plateau, 650 meters (2,100 ft) above sea level, in January the temperatures hover around 2 °C (36 °F) at night and around 11 °C (52 °F) during the day, but sometimes, during cold spells, it can freeze and snow.
In the plateau, the summer days are often scorching, with highs well above 30 °C (86 °F), but thanks to the altitude, nights are pretty cool, and on the other hand, moisture is low, so the heat is more bearable. In Madrid, the temperature easily reaches 35/36 °C (95/97 °F), and sometimes as high as 40 °C (104 °F).
Here are the average temperatures.
Madrid - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January2116.3355143.4
February3137.6375545.8
March51610.8416251.4
April71913.2456655.7
May112417.4527563.3
June163022.8608673
July193326659278.8
August193325.8659178.4
September152821.4598270.6
October102115.8517060.5
November51510425850
December3117375244.6
Year9.621.215.3549.270.259.5

In the plateau, precipitation is not abundant (though it is quite frequent in winter) because the bulk of the moisture coming from the ocean falls as rain on the Atlantic slopes. In Madrid, precipitation amounts to 455 mm (18 in) per year.

Madrid

Andalusian plain

In the southern inland regions, in the lower areas of Extremadura (see Badajoz) and in the interior of Andalusia, summer is very hot: Seville and Córdoba are actually the hottest cities in Europe, and this area is like a piece of Africa in Europe. In summer, the temperatures often reach 38/40 °C (100/104 °F), and sometimes up to 45 °C (113 °F).
Here are the average temperatures of Seville.
Seville - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January61711.2426252.2
February71912.7446554.8
March92215.5497159.9
April112417.7527663.9
May142821.4588370.5
June183325.4649277.8
July203628.1689882.6
August203628.4699783
September183224.8648976.7
October152720.6588069
November102115.3506959.5
December71712.2456354
Year132619.4555.378.867

In inland areas, especially in the south, in summer the sky is normally clear, and even in winter there are many sunny days.
Seville - Sunshine hours
MonthAverageTotal
January6185
February6.5190
March7220
April8240
May9.5295
June10.5315
July11.5355
August10.5330
September8245
October7215
November6180
December5155
Year82915

In the southern cities located at an altitude higher than the plain, such as Granada, located at 700 meters (2,300 feet) above sea level, the heat is tempered by the altitude, and nights are a bit cooler, but the days are often scorching.

Granada, Alhambra

Mountains


In the mountain regions, the climate becomes progressively more cold and snowy with increasing altitude. In addition, at the same altitude the Pyrenees in the north are certainly colder than the Sierra Nevada, but the latter is higher (Mount Mulhacen reaches nearly 3,500 meters or 11,500 ft), so, even though it is located at a southern latitude, usually it has enough snow for skiing (at high altitudes). It is possible to combine a morning's skiing with an afternoon on the coast in order to enjoy the balmy air of the nearby Costa Tropical (Motril is about an hour and a half drive away).
There is also a mountainous range that crosses the Meseta, called Central System, which is divided into various chains. The one closest to the capital is the Sierra de Guadarrama, whose highest peak is Peñalara (2,428 meters or 7,966 feet), where you can ski in winter. To the south-west we find another chain, the Sierra de Gredos, at no great distance from Madrid as well.
Here are the average temperatures of Puerto de Navacerrada, located at 1,858 meters (6,095 ft) above sea level.
Puerto Navacerrada - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January-330273732
February-330.2273832.4
March-162.5304336.5
April084.2334639.6
May4138.4395547
June91913.7486656.7
July122317.4537363.3
August122317.4537363.2
September81712.8476355
October4117.8405246
November062.8324237
December-241.1293934
Year3.511.37.438.352.345.5

Here the landscape is green because of the higher amount of precipitation, 1,240 mm (49 in) per year, with a maximum between October and December of 160/180 mm (6.3/7.1 in) per month and a minimum in July and August of 25 mm (1 in) per month.

Pyrenees

Further to the east, in the northern parts of Navarre, Aragon and Catalonia, we find the chain of the Pyrenees. The highest peak, Pico de Aneto, 3,404 meters (11,168 feet) high, is located in Aragon. Above 2,700 meters (9,000 feet) glaciers are found.
Here are the average temperatures of Abaurregaina/Abaurrea Alta, situated at 1,050 meters (3,450 ft), in northeastern Navarre.
Abaurregaina - Average temperatures (1981-2010)
MonthMin (°C)Max (°C)Mean (°C)Min (°F)Max (°F)Mean (°F)
January-162.3304236.1
February-162.6304436.7
March195334941.1
April2116.8365244.2
May61610.8426051.4
June92014.8486958.6
July112417.3527463.1
August112417.8527664
September92014.5486958.1
October61510.4435950.8
November295.6354942
December073.2314437.8
Year4.514.19.2540.157.348.5

In Abaurregaina, 1,050 mm (41.5 in) of rain or snow fall per year, with a minimum in August, of 65 mm (2.6 in) and a maximum in November, of 180 mm (7 in). There are on average 126 days with rainfall and 26 days with snowfall per year; snowfall usually occurs from November to April.
In the North, we also find a mountain chain parallel to the coast, the Cantabrian Mountains, whose highest peak, Torre Cerredo, 2,648 meters (8,688 ft), belongs to the group of the Picos de Europa.

Sea temperature



On the north-west coast, the sea is always very cool, if not cold, and reaches a maximum of 19 °C (66 °F) in August, as we can see from the sea temperatures at La Coruna.
La Coruña - Sea temperature
MonthCelsius (°C)Fahrenheit (°F)
January1355
February1355
March1355
April1355
May1457
June1661
July1864
August1966
September1864
October1763
November1559
December1457
Year15.359.5

On the north coast (see Bilbao), the sea temperature is still very cool, even though it is a bit higher in summer.
Bilbao - Sea temperature
MonthCelsius (°C)Fahrenheit (°F)
January1355
February1254
March1355
April1356
May1559
June1865
July2169
August2271
September2069
October1865
November1660
December1457
Year16.361.4

On the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (see Barcelona, Balearic Islands, Costa Blanca), the sea temperature is higher, and it is warm enough for swimming from July to September.
Barcelona - Sea temperature
MonthCelsius (°C)Fahrenheit (°F)
January1355
February1355
March1355
April1457
May1763
June2068
July2373
August2577
September2373
October2068
November1763
December1559
Year17.864

On the Costa del Sol (see Malaga), the sea is not as warm as in the rest of the Mediterranean because of the infiltration of Atlantic waters.
Malaga - Sea temperature
MonthCelsius (°C)Fahrenheit (°F)
January1661
February1559
March1559
April1661
May1763
June2068
July2272
August2373
September2272
October2068
November1864
December1661
Year18.465.1

The sea in the small portion of the south-west overlooking the Atlantic Ocean (Costa de la Luz, see Huelva, Rota, Cádiz) is even cooler. Here, the ocean temperature reaches only 22 °C (72 °F) in August and September, even though the weather is hot and sunny.

See also the climate of the Canary Islands.

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