Climate - Madeira

Madeira, which belongs to Portugal, has a very mild climate, so much so that it can be considered as the island of eternal spring.
The north-east trade winds, which prevail throughout the year, bring a bit of cloudiness, humidity, and rainfall on the north-facing slopes. On the other hand, in the cold half of the year, the islands can be affected by Atlantic depressions, which bring rains everywhere.
In the interior of the island we find hills and mountains. The highest peak is Pico Ruivo, 1,862 meters (6,109 feet) high. Because of the trade winds, the northern side is rainier and windier than the southern one, where the landscape is more arid. On the northern side and in the mountains, the wind can be strong, and can sometimes reach 100 kph (60 mph). On the other hand, Funchal, the capital, on the southern slope, is quite sheltered from the wind. The interior can be covered by a layer of fog or low clouds. Of course, temperatures decrease with altitude. In the mountains, especially above 1,500 meters (5,000 feet), snowfall and frost can occur in winter. The record is -9.5 °C (15 °F), recorded in Bica da Cana, at 1,580 meters (5,185 ft), in March 1993.
On the coast, daytime temperatures hover around 20/21 degrees Celsius (68/70 °F) from December to April, and reach 26/27 °C (79/81 °F) from July to September.
It rarely gets cold, however, from January to March there can be cool days, with highs around 15 °C (59 °F). The coldest record in Funchal is 7.5 °C (45.5 °F), recorded in March 2011, when snowfalls above 500 meters (1,650 feet) occurred in inland areas.
In the period from June to October, Madeira can be affected by the Leste, a hot, dry wind blowing from the Sahara, which can raise the temperature and bring a fine red powder. Typically, the temperature does not exceed 32 °C (89.5 °F), however, the heat record at Funchal airport is 37 °C (98.5 °F), recorded in September 1988 and in July 2012.
In Funchal, the average temperature of the coldest month (February) is of 17 °C (62.5 °F), that of the warmest month (August) is of 23.8 °C (74.9 °F). However, the city climbs hills up to an altitude of 800 meters (2,600 ft), and higher neighborhoods are cooler and cloudier. Here are the average temperatures measured at the airport, on the coast.

Rainfall is concentrated in the period from October to mid-April, when it is quite frequent, while in summer, it is very rare, especially on the southern side. In Funchal, annual rainfall is around 640 mm (25 in). Here is the average precipitation.

The amount of sunshine is acceptable in winter, when there is an alternation between sunny periods and bad weather periods, while it's good (but not great) in the summer months. In June, a blanket of clouds, called capacete ("helmet") often forms, which covers the island in the early morning but thins out during the warmest hours. However, even in midsummer, cloud banks can form on the Atlantic Ocean and affect the island, although generally it does not rain. Here are the average sunshine hours per day in Funchal.



The temperature of the sea in Madeira is not very high. In fact, it goes from 18 °C (64.5 °F) between February and April to 23.5 °C (74 °F) in September, and can be considered high enough for swimming from August to October. Here are the average sea temperatures.

To the north-east of Madeira we find the island of Porto Santo, smaller and more arid, while to the south-east we find the Desert Islands (Ilhas Desertas), even smaller and characterized by a rocky soil.

When to go and what to pack in Madeira