Index

Introduction


Romania, an Eastern European country, has generally a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers.
The Black Sea coast has a slightly milder climate, but not by much, since it often receives air masses coming from inland.
In the long Carpathian range, which crosses the country, the weather becomes colder and wetter with increasing altitude: in winter, snowfalls are frequent, while in summer, thunderstorms occur in the afternoon.
Precipitation is not abundant in inland plains, since it amounts to around 600 millimetres (23.5 in) per year, although it is well distributed over the seasons, with a maximum in May and June, mainly because of afternoon thunderstorms.

The seasons


Winter, from December to February, is cold throughout Romania. Cold air stagnates in the lowest layers of the atmosphere, and the sky is often cloudy. Snowfall is quite common, but not abundant; in inland plains, there are about thirty days with snow per year. In Bucharest, the ground is often covered with snow. During winter, temperatures are fairly uniform across the continental region, and decrease mainly with increasing altitude. In the main cities located in the plains (Bucharest, Timisoara, Iasi, Craiova, Galati etc.), the average temperature in January hovers between 0 °C (32 °F) and -2 °C (28.5 °F). In Bucharest, the average is -1 °C (30 °F).
In the Transylvanian Plateau, west of the Carpathians, winter is slightly colder: in Cluj-Napoca and Sibiu, both located at 400 metres (1,300 feet) above sea level, the average in January is -3 °C (27 °F).
Romania, like other parts of the Balkan Peninsula, is exposed to outbreaks of cold air masses from northern Europe or Russia, most likely in winter and spring. They were more frequent in the past decades, when the climate was colder, however, they can still lower the temperatures to around -20 °C (-4 °F), while in summer, a bit of cool air at high altitudes, in contrast with the hot air lying in the lower layers, can give rise to thunderstorms.
During winter, the mildest plain area of Romania is Dobrudja, the stretch of plain east of the Danube River, which is affected by the influence of the sea. On the Black Sea coast (see Constanta) the average temperature in January is just above freezing, around 1.5 °C (35 °F).
As mentioned, until a few decades ago, winter was a few degrees colder, here as in other Eastern European countries, so if you look at historical archives and long-term data, you will find average temperatures lower than those of the last decades.

Summer, from June to August, is quite warm in the north, in the plains and hills of South of the Carpathians, the region of Wallachia, where Bucharest is located, is warmer, and it's often hot: here the maximum temperatures in July and August are 30 °C (86 °F) on average, and they reach quite easily 35 °C (95 °F) and even more. Sometimes, however, it can get hot even in the northern plains and hills.
Along coast of the Black Sea, in summer the weather is nice and pleasantly warm, sometimes even hot, but tempered by the breezes.
Summer is a fairly rainy season, especially because of afternoon thunderstorms, which occur especially in May and July, and are most frequent and abundant in the mountains. Sometimes, these thunderstorms are so strong that they can cause floods.
The amount of sunshine in summer is good in the lowlands, while cloud cover is more frequent in the mountains and in Transylvania, where, however, the sun often shines, especially in the morning.

Wallachia


Wallachia, the southern lowland area (see Craiova, Bucharest), has a continental climate: winter is still cold, while summer is warmer than in the rest of Romania.

Bucharest

In the capital Bucharest, winter is cold and gray, with snowfalls and frosts. Summer is hot and sunny, but thunderstorms can break out in the afternoon. During cold spells, the temperature can drop to around -15 °C (5 °F). In the coldest winters, the temperature dropped to -27 °C (-17 °F) in January 1985, to -24 °C (-11 °F) in January 1987 and January 2010, to -22 °C (-7.5 °F) in December 2002 and February 2012, but previously to -32 °C (-25.5 °F) in January 1942, and -29 °C (-20 °F) in February 1929. In summer, on hot days the temperature can reach 35 °C (95 °F); in June 2007 it reached 39 °C (102 °F), and in July 2000 even 42 °C (107.5 °F). Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Bucharest
BucharestJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BucharestJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-5-405101415151051-3
Max (°C)361118242830302518104
Min (°F)232532415057595950413427
Max (°F)374352647582868677645039

In Bucharest, precipitation amounts to 595 mm (23 in) per year; the wettest period goes from May to August, due to afternoon thunderstorms. Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Bucharest
BucharestJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
BucharestJFMAMJJASONDY
Prec. (mm)403540457075655040305045595
Prec.(in)1.61.41.61.82.832.621.61.221.823.4
Days66676676556672

In Bucharest the sun is rarely seen from November to February, because in periods of high pressure, fog and low clouds are often formed. On the other hand, summer is rather sunny. Here are the average daily sunshine hours.
Sunshine - Bucharest
BucharestJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
BucharestJFMAMJJASOND
Sun (hours)234689997632

Bucharest

Transylvania


In the Transylvanian Plateau, west of the Carpathians (see Bistrita, Cluj-Napoca, Sibiu), winter is very cold, while summer is a little cooler due to the altitude.

Cluj-Napoca

Here are the average temperatures of Cluj-Napoca, 400 metres (1,300 feet) above sea level.
Average temperatures - Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-NapocaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cluj-NapocaJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-6-5-149121413940-4
Max (°C)03101621242626211572
Min (°F)212330394854575548393225
Max (°F)323750617075797970594536

In Cluj-Napoca the sun is rarely seen from November to February, while summer is rather sunny. Here are the average daily sunshine hours.
Sunshine - Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-NapocaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Cluj-NapocaJFMAMJJASOND
Sun (hours)245688986532

In Cluj-Napoca, precipitation amounts to 595 mm (23 in) per year; here too the wettest period goes from May to August due to afternoon thunderstorms. In winter, precipitation is weak but quite frequent, and often in the form of snow.
Average precipitation - Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-NapocaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Cluj-NapocaJFMAMJJASONDY
Prec. (mm)252530506590856550353035595
Prec.(in)111.222.63.53.32.621.41.21.423.4
Days67691011108767894

Carpathian Mountains


In the mountains the climate becomes colder, but also more humid with increasing altitude.
In the valleys located between the mountains, a thermal inversion is often created, so it is very cold at night. Here are the average temperatures of Miercurea Ciuc, located at 660 meters (2,200 feet), in Harghita County.
Average temperatures - Miercurea
MiercureaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
MiercureaJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-11-10-50489840-4-9
Max (°C)-217142023242420146-1
Min (°F)121423323946484639322516
Max (°F)283445576873757568574330

In Miercurea, precipitation amounts to 575 mm (22.5 in) per year, as usual, with a summer maximum due to thunderstorms.
At the Bran Castle, which according to legend would be Dracula's castle, located at 750 metres (2,450 ft) above sea level, winters are cold and snowy, while summers are pleasant, with highs around 23 °C (73 °F) and cool nights, but also possible thunderstorms in the afternoon. A similar climate is found in the Poenari Castle, located at 820 metres (2,700 feet) of altitude, which should be the real Dracula's Castle, aka Prince Vlad III of Wallachia.
The Bucovina Monasteries are located at the foot of the Carpathians, in Romanian Moldavia, in the north-east of the country: during the day it can get hot in July and August, while nights remain cool. The monasteries are located between 300 and 650 meters (1,000 and 2,100 feet) above sea level: the highest is the monastery of Moldovita, which is located at 630 meters (2,065 feet), the lowest is the monastery of Probota, which is at 290 meters (950 feet); the others (Putna, Humor, Sucevita, Voronet, Dragomirna, Arbore) are located at intermediate altitudes.

In the Ceahlau massif, located in the Eastern Carpathians, at 1,900 meters (6,200 ft), the average temperature ranges from -8 °C (17.5 °F) in February, to 11 °C (52 °F) in August.
Average temperatures - Ceahlau
CeahlauJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
CeahlauJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-10-11-8-325773-1-5-9
Max (°C)-5-5-2391214141060-4
Min (°F)141218273641454537302316
Max (°F)232328374854575750433225

At higher altitudes, the temperatures are even lower, and it is cold even in summer. Here is the average temperature in Mount Omu, 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), the highest peak of the Bucegi mountains, near the towns of Busteni and Sinaia. A similar altitude is also reached further to the west, in the Fagaras mountains, where the highest mountain in Romania is found, that is Mount Moldoveanu, 2,544 meters (8,346 ft) high.
Average temperatures - Omu
OmuJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
OmuJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-13-13-11-6-21330-2-6-10
Max (°C)-7-8-40368963-1-6
Min (°F)9912212834373732282114
Max (°F)191825323743464843373021

In Mount Omu, precipitation reaches 1,000 mm (40 inches) per year, with a maximum of 150 mm (6 in) in June.

The coast


The Black Sea coast has a slightly milder climate than the inland areas, however the winter is still cold, while the summer is warm and sunny, although tempered by the breeze. In winter a cold wind can blow, and it can snow and freeze. On colder winters, the Black Sea along the coast can even freeze, as happened in February 2012. The cold record of the last 20 years in Constanta is -18 °C (0 °F). So, winter along the coast of the Black Sea, albeit milder than in the interior, is still cold.

Constanta

In Constanta, the main city of the coast, the average temperature ranges from 1.5 °C (35 °F) in January, to 23 °C (73.5 °F) in July. In the coldest winters, the temperature dropped to -17 °C (1.5 °F) in January 1963, -18 °C (0 °F) in January 2010, and -15 °C (5 °F) in February 2012. In the hottest summers, the temperature reached 38.5 °C (101.5 °F) in July 2007, and the 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) in August 2006. Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Constanta
ConstantaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
ConstantaJFMAMJJASOND
Min (°C)-1-13712171919151050
Max (°C)46914202527272317116
Min (°F)303037455463666659504132
Max (°F)394348576877818173635243

Along the coast of the Black Sea, precipitation is quite low, amounting to around 385 mm (15 in) per annum, being the summer thunderstorms less frequent; here, from 20 to 40 mm (0.8 to 1.6 in) per month fall throughout the year.
Here is the average precipitation in Constanta.
Average precipitation - Constanta
ConstantaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
ConstantaJFMAMJJASONDY
Prec. (mm)302520303540353025404035385
Prec.(in)1.210.81.21.41.61.41.211.61.61.415.2
Days44344333235543

Along the coast, where afternoon thunderstorms are more rare, in summer the sun shines even more often. Instead, here too the winter is quite dull.
Sunshine - Constanta
ConstantaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
ConstantaJFMAMJJASOND
Sun (hours)34569911108533

The temperature of the Black Sea is acceptable for swimming in summer: it's around 23 °C (73 °F) in July, and 24 °C (75 °F) in August, while it is a bit cool in June and September.
Sea temperature - Constanta
ConstantaJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
ConstantaJFMAMJJASOND
Sea (°C)76710152023242117139
Sea (°F)454345505968737570635548

When to go


The best time to visit Romania is from May to September.
June is the rainiest month, because of afternoon thunderstorms.
July and August can be hot in inland plains, especially in the south, ie in Wallachia (see Bucharest), so you can choose May, June and September, especially if you don't like the heat.
In May, the country is in bloom and the temperature is generally pleasant, even though afternoon thunderstorms are already possible.
September is usually a pleasant and quiet month, with little rain; sometimes, a warm and sunny weather lasts until October.
The Black Sea coast in summer is good for a beach holiday, but in winter, having an average temperature around freezing and possible wind and snowfalls, it's certainly not a refuge from the cold European winter.

What to pack


In winter: warm clothes, sweater or fleece, down jacket, hat, gloves and scarf, raincoat or umbrella.
In summer: light clothes, t-shirts and shorts, but also long pants, light jacket and sweatshirt for the evening; umbrella. Some heavier clothes for the mountains.

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