In Niger the climate is desert in the north, semi-desert in the centre, and semi-arid of the savanna in the south. In fact the rains increase from north to south, because of the African monsoon, which brings humidity and clouds from the Atlantic Ocean, in the period June-September.



The north, part of the Sahara desert, is mild in winter (but with strong temperature variations, so it can get cold at night, and it can get hot during the day, especially in February), and very hot in the rest of the year, and it is almost always sunny.
Here are the average temperatures of Bilma, located in the north-east, at 350 metres (1,150 feet) above sea level.
Average temperatures - Bilma

Bilma	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Bilma	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	9	11	14	20	24	25	26	27	24	20	12	8
Max (°C)	28	32	35	41	43	44	43	42	42	39	33	29
Min (°F)	48	52	57	68	75	77	79	81	75	68	54	46
Max (°F)	82	90	95	106	109	111	109	108	108	102	91	84

The rains in the north are rare and sporadic, however, there may be some rare showers in summer. Here is the average precipitation in Bilma.
Average precipitation - Bilma

Bilma	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Bilma	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	1	0	0	1	1	1	3	10	5	2	0	0	24
Prec.(in)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0	0	0.9
Days	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	4

In Bilma the sun shines all year round, although in the summer sometimes some cloud banks can pass.
Sunshine - Bilma

Bilma	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Bilma	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	10	10	10	10	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10

In winter, in the Djado Plateau and in the Aïr Massif, but sometimes also in the Ténéré Desert, nights can be cold, and the temperature can sometimes drop to around freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), while daytime temperatures are around 20/25 °C (68/77 °F). In winter, a dry wind called Harmattan blows, raising dust and sand, which can veil the sun, especially from January onwards. On the top of Aïr, in Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès 2,022 metres (6,634 feet) high, night frosts are frequent. In the rest of the year, in the north, the scorching heat reigns, at least in the lowlands, with highs around 40 °C (104 °F) from April to September, and peaks of 50 °C (122 °F).



The central-southern region, known as Sahel, receives rainfall during the summer months. The northernmost part, at the limit with the previous region, is in fact still desert, and receives little rainfall: in the Aïr Massif and in Agadez the annual amount is slightly above 100 millimetres (4 inches), with a maximum in August, when in Agadez 55 mm (2.2 in) of rain fall. In the central part, which also includes the area of Lake Chad in the far east, precipitation is about 250/300 mm (10/12 in) per year.
The map above depicts the lines of equal rainfall (called isohyets) of 100 mm and 600 mm (4 and 23.5 in) per year in the country.
As we can see, only in the southernmost part, rainfall is moderate. In the capital Niamey, 585 mm (23 in) of rain per year fall, with the first sporadic showers in the afternoon or evening as early as in May, which increase progressively until August, when rainfall reaches 205 mm (8 in), and then decrease in September, and cease on early October. Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Niamey

Niamey	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Niamey	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	0	1	1	7	35	85	140	205	90	20	1	0	585
Prec.(in)	0	0	0	0.3	1.4	3.3	5.5	8.1	3.5	0.8	0	0	23
Days	0	0	1	1	4	6	9	13	7	2	0	0	43

In Niamey and in the rest of the south, the temperature also follows a different pattern compared with the north. Winter is hotter, so that highs exceed 30 °C (86 °F) even in January; sometimes it can get quite cold at night, but with peaks of 7/8 °C (45/46 °F), and not around the freezing point as happens in the north. In spring the temperature rises quickly, so that in March the daytime average reaches 40 °C (104 °F), and in May it can exceed 45 °C (113 °F), then the monsoon lowers the temperature in summer, but at the cost of increased humidity: in August, highs return to 33 °C (91 °F), as in January, although night temperatures are higher and the humidity makes the heat muggy. After the monsoon, there is room for the return of the hot weather, with highs around 37/38 °C (98/100 °F) in October and November, before winter, which brings a little cool at least at night.
Here are the average temperatures in Niamey.
Average temperatures - Niamey

Niamey	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Niamey	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	17	20	24	28	29	27	25	24	24	25	21	18
Max (°C)	32	37	40	42	41	38	35	33	35	38	37	34
Min (°F)	63	68	75	82	84	81	77	75	75	77	70	64
Max (°F)	90	99	104	108	106	100	95	91	95	100	99	93

In winter, the sky is clear, though the sun may be veiled, due to the Harmattan, which raises a fine dust that penetrates everywhere and makes the sky whitish. South-central Niger is one of the hardest-hit areas by the Harmattan across the Sahel. In the summer, the sunshine hours decrease a little because of the monsoon, and August is the least sunny month.
Sunshine - Niamey

Niamey	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Niamey	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	7	8	9	10	9

To the east of the capital, cities such as Maradi and Zinder have a climate similar to that of Niamey.



In the far south, rainfall becomes more abundant, so that it exceeds 600 mm (23.5 in) per year, therefore we are out of the Sahel proper. In Gaya, 825 mm (32.5 in) of rain per year fall, of which 70 mm (2.8 in) already in May, and 250 mm (10 in) in August. Here the landscape becomes definitely green in the summer months. The hottest month in the far south is April, because as early as in May the temperature begins to decrease, while in summer the heat is tropical, that is, uncomfortable because of high humidity.


The best time to travel to Niger is winter, from December to mid-February, when the sun shines in the whole country, the air is dry and the temperature is usually acceptable. In the south it can get definitely hot during the day even at this time, but nights remain cool. In the north it can get cold at night, while generally during the day the temperature is pleasantly warm. In January, sand storms become more frequent, and in February the heat begins to increase in the south, heading towards 40 °C (104 °F), so all in all is the best month is December.


In winter: light clothes for the day, long and made of natural fabric (cotton or linen), desert turban for the wind-borne sand and dust, sunglasses (even graduated instead of contact lenses), a jacket and a sweater for the evening, desert boots or sandals, sweatshirt or sweater for boat excursions in the Niger River.

In summer: in the desert, loose fitting, light-coloured clothing, long and made of natural fabric (cotton or linen), desert turban, sunglasses, comfortable and breathable shoes. A sweatshirt for the night, sleeping bag to sleep outdoors. In Niamey and the south, light clothes, umbrella or light raincoat for the rain showers.
For women, it is best to avoid shorts and miniskirts.