Kenya is an African country, bisected by the Equator, yet it has three types of climate: hot and humid along the coast (zone 1 on the map), temperate in the west and south-west, where there are mountains and plateaus (zone 2 on the map), and finally hot and dry in the north and east (zone 3 on the map).



In general, the warmest period in Kenya goes from February to March, while the coolest goes from July to August, although the seasonal variations in temperature are small. Both temperature and rainfall vary according to the prevailing winds, which produce two seasons: from October to March, the hot and originally dry winds coming from Arabia (called kaskazi) prevail, while from April to September, the prevailing winds are cooler and wetter and come from the Indian Ocean (called Kuzi). At the beginning of the two periods, and in correspondence with the two passages of the sun at its zenith, there are the two rainy seasons: the "long rains" from March to May, and the less intense "short rains" from October to December, while in the western highlands it rains a lot even between June and September. The rainfall is more abundant along the coast and in the south-west (zone 1 and 2), where it typically ranges from 800 to 2,000 millimetres (31 to 79 inches) per year, while in the arid zone (3 on the map) it drops below 500 mm (20 in). The rains occur mainly in the form of downpour or thunderstorm in the afternoon or evening, and are pretty irregular: on the one hand, with the global warming the rainfall in some areas is declining, on the other hand, during the years of El Niño, the probability of heavy rains increases.


On the coast, it's hot from November to March, with average highs around 31/32 °C (88/90 °F), but with peaks of 36/37 °C (97/99 °F), and high humidity. The period from June to August is more pleasant, when the maximum temperature goes down to around 28 °C (82 °F).
Here are the average temperatures in Malindi.
Average temperatures - Malindi

Malindi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Malindi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	23	24	24	24	23	23	22	22	22	22	23	23
Max (°C)	31	31	32	31	29	28	27	27	28	30	31	31
Min (°F)	73	75	75	75	73	73	72	72	72	72	73	73
Max (°F)	88	88	90	88	84	82	81	81	82	86	88	88

In January and February there is little rain, while in March and December, some showers may occur in the southern part of the coast (see Mombasa). The long rains season here occurs later than in the rest of Kenya, and runs from April to June, with May as the wettest month. The best months are August and September, being the coolest ones, and also sunny and with not abundant rains, the latter occurring in the form of brief showers, which are soon replaced by the sun. The short rains season is not pronounced in the northern part of the coast (see Lamu), and it's a little more evident in Malindi and Mombasa, with some showers in October and November, usually not intense. However, it must be said that it depends on the years: sometimes it can rain heavily even between October and December, and especially in November. However, rainfall on the coast amounts to 1,000/1,100 millimetres (40/43 inches) per year on average.
Here is the average precipitation in Malindi.
Average precipitation - Malindi

Malindi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Malindi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	10	15	35	165	300	155	90	65	45	70	75	35	1060
Prec.(in)	0.4	0.6	1.4	6.5	11.8	6.1	3.5	2.6	1.8	2.8	3	1.4	41.7
Days	2	2	3	11	17	12	12	9	7	6	6	3	90

In Malindi the sun shines all year round, though a little less from April to July.
Sunshine - Malindi

Malindi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Malindi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	9	9	9	8	7	8	8	9	9	9	9	9

The sea in Malindi (and throughout the coast of Kenya) is warm enough for swimming all year round: the water temperature goes from 25 °C (77 °F) in August, to 29 °C (84 °F) in March and April.
Sea temperature - Malindi

Malindi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Malindi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sea (°C)	28	28	29	29	28	27	26	25	26	26	28	28
Sea (°F)	82	82	84	84	82	81	79	77	79	79	82	82

In the plateau, the climate is generally is mild or pleasantly warm. Temperature and rainfall vary according to altitude and slope exposure, in general, however, the mountains make easier the formation of thunderclouds, so the higher the altitude, the higher the chance of rain, and even in dry seasons, some thunderstorms may break out. At the highest elevations, above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), night temperatures can drop below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), and occasionally this can also happen above 2,500 metres (8,200 ft).

The capital Nairobi is located near the Equator, at 1,600 metres (5,250 feet) above sea level. The altitude makes the temperature pleasant, while nights are cool; highs hover around 21/22 °C (70/72 °F) in the coolest months (June, July and August), and around 25/26 °C (77/79 °F) in the warmest months (January, February and March), while lows drop to around 10/11 °C (50/52 °F) from June to September, and go up to 12/14 °C (54/57 °F) from January to April. In July and August, the sky is often cloudy, even though there is little rain, sometimes at night and it can be even cold, in fact the temperature can drop to around 5 °C (41 °F).
Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Nairobi

Nairobi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Nairobi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	12	12	13	14	13	11	10	10	11	13	13	13
Max (°C)	25	26	26	24	23	22	21	21	24	25	23	23
Min (°F)	54	54	55	57	55	52	50	50	52	55	55	55
Max (°F)	77	79	79	75	73	72	70	70	75	77	73	73

The average annual rainfall in Nairobi amounts to 1,000 mm (40 in). During the two rainy seasons, from March to May and October to December, it often rains, though even here the rains come in the form of showers, not affecting too much the sunshine hours. The sunniest months are January and February, although there can be a few showers even in this period.
Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Nairobi

Nairobi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Nairobi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	65	55	95	220	175	35	20	25	30	55	155	100	1025
Prec.(in)	2.6	2.2	3.7	8.7	6.9	1.4	0.8	1	1.2	2.2	6.1	3.9	40.4
Days	4	5	9	16	13	5	3	4	4	7	15	8	93

In Nairobi the sunniest period runs from December to March, while in winter, although it is the dry season, the sky is often cloudy.
Sunshine - Nairobi

Nairobi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Nairobi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	9	9	9	7	6	5	4	4	6	7	7	8

The Masai Mara National Reserve, which borders the Serengeti in Tanzania, is located at an average altitude of around 1,500 metres (5,000 feet). Here, more than 100 mm (4 in) of rain per month fall from March to May and from October to December, and April is the rainiest month with 200 mm (8 in). However, there is no completely dry season, although July is the driest month with about 60 mm (2.4 in).
Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Masai Mara

Masai Mara	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Masai Mara	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	12	12	12	13	13	12	11	11	12	12	12	12
Max (°C)	28	28	27	26	25	25	25	25	27	28	27	27
Min (°F)	54	54	54	55	55	54	52	52	54	54	54	54
Max (°F)	82	82	81	79	77	77	77	77	81	82	81	81

The parks of the south-east of the country are generally warmer and more arid than the heart of the plateau. The Amboseli National Park is located in the south, at 1,100 metres (3,600 feet) above sea level, and a short distance from the border with Tanzania, beyond which lies the Kilimanjaro, looming huge on the horizon. Here there's a dry savannah, where elephants roam freely among many other animal species such as lions, cheetahs, impalas, hyenas, giraffes, zebras, and in which you can find Masai villages as well.
A similar situation is found in the huge Tsavo National Park, which lies to the east, and is divided into two. Here, the altitude varies from 500 to 1,700 metres (1,600 to 5,600 feet) in the western park, and from 200 to 800 metres (600 to 2,600 feet) in the eastern park. Here are the average temperatures of Voi, located in this area, at 580 metres (1,900 ft) above sea level.
Average temperatures - Voi

Voi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Voi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	20	20	21	20	20	18	18	17	18	19	20	20
Max (°C)	32	33	33	32	30	29	28	28	29	31	31	31
Min (°F)	68	68	70	68	68	64	64	63	64	66	68	68
Max (°F)	90	91	91	90	86	84	82	82	84	88	88	88

As you can see from the average rainfall, in this area and at these medium or low altitudes, rainfall is not abundant, since it amounts to 550 mm (21.5 in) per year.
Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Voi

Voi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Voi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	35	30	80	100	30	5	5	10	15	25	105	120	555
Prec.(in)	1.4	1.2	3.1	3.9	1.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.6	1	4.1	4.7	21.9
Days	5	3	8	7	5	2	1	2	3	4	10	8	58

In Voi, the dry season is the least sunny as well, although the sun is slightly more frequent than in Nairobi.
Sunshine - Voi

Voi	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Voi	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	9	9	9	7	6	6	6	6	8	8	9	8

The Chyulu Hills National Park is located at a higher elevation, ranging from 900 to 2,100 metres (2,900 to 6,900 ft): above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) there is a montane forest, but also a series of volcanic peaks and lava tunnels that make the landscape lunar.

In the highlands north-west of Nairobi, above 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), the rain pattern is different than in the rest of the country: in July and August, which are typically not too rainy in the rest of Kenya, the rains are plentiful, so much so that they go from 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 in) per month, mostly in the form of thunderstorm in the afternoon or evening. In this area (see Eldoret, Nakuru, or parks like Kakamega, South Nandi, Mount Elgon, Mau Forest), there's a peak in rainfall from April to September, while the relatively dry season goes from October to March.
Here is the average rainfall in Eldoret, at 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) above sea level.
Average precipitation - Eldoret

Eldoret	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Eldoret	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	35	40	65	155	120	95	160	175	80	50	55	45	1080
Prec.(in)	1.4	1.6	2.6	6.1	4.7	3.7	6.3	6.9	3.1	2	2.2	1.8	42.5
Days	4	5	6	13	12	9	17	16	8	8	8	4	110

And here is the average temperature.
Average temperatures - Eldoret

Eldoret	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Eldoret	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	9	10	11	12	11	9	10	10	9	10	11	10
Max (°C)	25	26	26	24	24	23	22	22	23	24	23	24
Min (°F)	48	50	52	54	52	48	50	50	48	50	52	50
Max (°F)	77	79	79	75	75	73	72	72	73	75	73	75

Lake Nakuru, where you can see pink flamingos, is located at 1,750 metres (5,750 feet). Here are the average temperatures.
Average temperatures - Nakuru

Nakuru	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Nakuru	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	9	9	10	12	11	10	10	10	9	9	10	9
Max (°C)	27	28	28	26	25	24	24	24	26	25	24	26
Min (°F)	48	48	50	54	52	50	50	50	48	48	50	48
Max (°F)	81	82	82	79	77	75	75	75	79	77	75	79

The highest peak in the country is Mount Kenya, 5,199 metres (17,057 ft) high, which has different climatic zones according to altitude and slope exposure (the south-eastern slope is the most humid): above 2,000 metres (6,500 feet) the montane forest is found, around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) the bamboo on the north side which is more arid, above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) the heath, and above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) the high altitude desert. Above 4,700 metres (15,400 ft) there are also some glaciers, the largest of which is the Lewis Glacier, unfortunately in retreat because of global warming.
West of Mount Kenya, the Aberdare Mountains reach 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). Mount Elgon is very high as well, reaching 4,321 metres (14,176 ft), however, its summit is located in Uganda.

Also the eastern portion of Lake Victoria, located at 1,100 metres (3,600 feet) above sea level, belongs to Kenya. Here are the average temperatures of Kisumu.
Average temperatures - Kisumu

Kisumu	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Kisumu	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	18	19	19	19	18	17	17	17	17	18	18	18
Max (°C)	29	29	29	27	27	26	27	27	28	28	28	28
Min (°F)	64	66	66	66	64	63	63	63	63	64	64	64
Max (°F)	84	84	84	81	81	79	81	81	82	82	82	82

The north is the driest and hottest area of Kenya, especially the areas located at lower altitudes. Lake Turkana (or Rudolph) is located at 365 metres (1,200 feet) above sea level; here the landscape is semi-desert in the south part and desert in the north, where the annual precipitation drops below 100 mm (4 in) per year. In this area the weather is really hot all year round: in Lodwar, the daily average is around 30 °C (86 °F) in almost all months, except in July and August, when it drops to 28/29 °C (82/84 °F).
Average temperatures - Lodwar

Lodwar	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Lodwar	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Min (°C)	22	23	24	25	25	24	24	24	24	25	24	23
Max (°C)	36	36	36	35	35	34	33	34	35	35	35	35
Min (°F)	72	73	75	77	77	75	75	75	75	77	75	73
Max (°F)	97	97	97	95	95	93	91	93	95	95	95	95

The rains are sporadic and irregular, however it is more likely to see some showers in the two canonical rainy seasons of Kenya, from March to May and October to December. Here is the average precipitation.
Average precipitation - Lodwar

Lodwar	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Lodwar	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Y
Prec. (mm)	8	5	20	40	25	8	13	9	3	8	10	13	162
Prec.(in)	0.3	0.2	0.8	1.6	1	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.5	6.4
Days	1	1	3	5	3	1	3	1	1	1	1	2	23

In Lodwar the sun shines all year round.
Sunshine - Lodwar

Lodwar	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Lodwar	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Sun (hours)	10	10	9	9	10	10	9	10	10	10	9	10

The north-east, near the border with Ethiopia and Somalia, is torrid and dry as well, and here too the poor and irregular rains occur during the two periods, from March to May and October to November. In this torrid area, July and August are the best months, because they are less hot, although not by much.


Being at the Equator, Kenya is not in the trajectory of tropical cyclones, however, the coast, which lies just south of the equator, especially in the southernmost part (see Malindi, Mombasa), could theoretically be affected, even though in fact this has never happened in the last decades, probably because the prevailing currents keep them at a distance. However, sometimes the coast can suffer the effects of a cyclone that passes at a distance, on the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rains, as happened in April 2016 with Cyclone Fantala, which without reaching the coast has brought torrential rains in Mombasa. Cyclones are formed on the Southern Indian Ocean in the period from November to mid-May, and more frequently from late December to mid-April.


For a beach holiday, on the coast the best months are August and September, because they are cooler, and are quite sunny and with little rainfall. If you want, you can also choose January and February, which are the least rainy months of the year, but they are also hot and muggy; on the other hand, they are those in which the sea is calmer and clearer, therefore, most suitable for diving.
To visit the arid region, July and August are the least hot months, but in reality there is not much difference in comparison with the rest of the year: the heat is still intense.
For a safari in national parks and in the highlands, you can choose from two periods: June to September, and January-February. In the former period the risk of showers in the afternoon and evening is higher at high altitudes, in the latter the chance of intense heat at lower altitudes. However, it's better to dress in layers, because in the early hours of the day and at higher altitudes, it can be cool throughout the year.
It is worth while to recall that the equatorial sun is very strong, and is even stronger at high altitudes: the two months when the sun is strongest, because it passes directly overhead at noon, are March and September.
The days last about 12 hours throughout the year, so the sun rises at about 6:00 in the morning and sets at 6:00 p.m., and is used by the local population as a clock.
The least advisable period is that of the long rains, from March to May in the interior, and from April to June on the coast, being typically the rainiest and the one with the greatest risk of flooding, particularly April in inland areas and May on the coast.


For the plateau, in general, spring/autumn clothes, in layers, warmer at higher altitude, sun hat, sunscreen, raincoat for showers in rainy periods, lighter in the warm season and at low altitudes. For parks and reserves, neutral-coloured clothes, comfortable canvas shoes. For mountain climbing, hiking shoes; for the summit of Mount Kenya, throughout the year, cold weather clothing, down jacket, Gore-Tex jacket, hat, gloves, scarf, sunglasses, sunscreen.
For the reef, equipment for snorkeling, water shoes or rubber soled shoes.

In winter (June to August): on the coast (Malindi, Mombasa) and the Tsavo National Park, light clothing, a sweatshirt for the evening, a scarf for the sea breeze, light raincoat; for Lake Victoria, Nairobi, the Masai Mara and the plateau at intermediate altitudes, light clothes for the day, sweater and jacket for the evening, raincoat or umbrella; for the highlands above 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), spring/autumn clothes; above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), warm jacket and hat. For the north and Lake Turkana, loose fitting, light-coloured clothing, light and long shirt and pants of natural fibres (cotton, linen), a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, desert turban, sun hat.

In summer (December to February): on the coast (Malindi, Mombasa) and the Tsavo National Park, light clothing of natural fibres, a light sweatshirt for the evening; for Lake Victoria, light clothing of natural fibres, sun hat, a light sweatshirt for the evening, light raincoat or umbrella; for Nairobi, the Masai Mara and the plateau at intermediate altitudes, light clothes for the day, jacket and sweater for the evening; for the highlands above 2,000 metres (6,500 feet), spring/autumn clothes, raincoat or umbrella; above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), warm jacket and hat. For the north and Lake Turkana, loose fitting, light-coloured clothing, light and long shirt and pants of natural fibres (cotton, linen), a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, desert turban, sun hat.