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Climate in Democratic Republic Congo


Average weather, temperature, rainfall, sunshine

Flag - Democratic Republic Congo

Map - Democratic Republic Congo

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In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), a huge country in central Africa, there are two kinds of climate:
- equatorial, hot and humid all year round with no dry season, in the central area crossed by the Equator and occupied by a vast rain forest (the second in the world after the Amazon);
- tropical, hot all year round but with a dry season, usually of short duration, in both the areas to the north and south of the Equator. The dry season occurs in opposite periods, from December to February (i.e. the boreal winter) north of the Equator and from June to September (i.e. the austral winter) south of the Equator.

The rains occur in the form of downpours or thunderstorms (actually, Congo is the country that receives the greatest number of lightning strikes in the world), usually in the afternoon, all year round in the equatorial zone, and in the long rainy season in the two tropical areas.

The amount of sunshine in much of the Democratic Republic of Congo is not very good, in fact, the strong solar radiation often causes cloudiness during the day, most likely by noon and in the afternoon. On the other hand, because of moisture evaporating from the ground, mists often occur in the early morning.
On the coast, fog and low clouds often form because of a cool sea current.
The situation is different in the southernmost part (see Lubumbashi), where the dry season is more pronounced, and during the austral winter (May to September), the sky is often clear.
In any case, the sun at the Equator is very strong, and requires adequate protection even when the sky is cloudy, especially at high altitudes.

The country is largely occupied by the huge basin of the Congo River and its tributaries.

Most of the country is located at an altitude between 300 and 800 meters (1,000 and 2,600 feet), which are often sufficient to temper a bit the climate; in some areas, such as the southeast, the altitude is between 800 and 1,300 meters (2,600 and 4,300 feet). On the other hand, in the easternmost part, near the lakes of the Rift Valley, there are also high mountain ranges.

The climate in detail


  • Equatorial climate - Kisangani
  • Tropical climate - Gemena, Kinshasa
  • Tropical climate with long dry season - The coast, Banana, Lubumbashi
  • Mountains - Goma
  • When to go
  • What to pack
  • Climate data

Equatorial climate



Congo, equatorial climate zone

In the equatorial zone, temperatures are stable all year round, however they decrease slightly from June to August.

Kisangani

Climate chart - Kisangani
For example, in Kisangani, located near the Equator, at 400 meters (1,300 feet) above sea level, the maximum temperatures fluctuate between 29 and 31 °C (84 to 88 °F) throughout the year.
The rains in the equatorial zone are abundant, and hover around 1,700/2,000 millimeters (67/78 inches) per year.
There are two maxima in rainfall, at the two zenith passages of the sun (that is, when it shines directly overhead in the sky at mid-day, which occurs in late March and late September), and given the soil thermal inertia, the rainiest months are usually April-May and October-November. The least rainy periods are generally January-February and June-July, when, however, more than 100 mm (4 in) of rain usually fall per month.
The amount of sunshine is not very high; however, the sunniest period is the relatively dry one of January and February.

Kisangani

Tropical climate



Congo, areas with tropical climate

Both to the north and the south of the equatorial zone (respectively, zone 1 and 2 on the map), the climate is tropical, since there is a clear dry season. The rainfall in the tropical climate zones is normally between 1,000 and 1,700 mm (40 and 67 in) per year.
The temperature varies to a greater extent as well, although it follows a similar pattern, being slightly lower from June to August (in fact, in the part to the north of the equator, the winter is the warmest season).

Gemena

Climate chart - Gemena
In the part north of the Equator, there is a short dry season from December to February. This is also the hottest time of the year. For example, in Gemena, located in the north-west (zone 1), at 400 meters (1,300 feet) above sea level, the maximum temperature reaches 33 °C (91.5 °F) in February, at the end of the dry season.
In Gemena, 1,650 mm (65 in) of rain fall annually, with a maximum in the period from August to October. However, some showers can occur even in the dry season.
In Gemena and in the north, the sun shines a little more often in the dry winter period than in the rainy summer period.

In the tropical zone of the southern hemisphere (zone 2), the rain pattern is reversed compared to the area north of the Equator.

Kinshasa

Climate chart - Kinshasa
The capital, Kinshasa, is located in the west, at about 300 meters (1,000 feet) above sea level, and at 4 degrees south latitude. Temperatures are high and fairly stable throughout the year, but in the austral winter (June to August), they become more pleasant.
Rainfall in Kinshasa amounts to 1,400 millimeters (55 inches) per year. Within the rainy season, from October to May, you can notice two peaks corresponding with the zenith passages of the sun (in April and November).
In Kinshasa, the sun does not shine very often: the average does not go beyond 4/5 hours of sunshine a day all year round.

Kinshasa

Tropical climate with long dry season



Congo, area having a tropical climate with a long dry season

The coast

Along the short coastline overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, rainfall drops below 1,000 mm (40 in) per year because of the Benguela current, which arrives in the area in winter, and is able to inhibit the formation of rain clouds. On the other hand, the cool current is able to bring a bit of cool air, and to create fog and low clouds.

Banana

Climate chart - Banana
For example, in Banana, on the coast, maximum temperatures drop to 25/26 °C (77/79 °F) from June to September.
In this area, rainfall amounts to as low as 800 mm (31.5 in) per year; the rains are not particularly abundant, except maybe in April. In the austral winter, because of the cold sea current, it never rains.
On the coast, the sun does not shine often in the rainy season, but it shines even less frequently in the cool and dry period because of the aforementioned fogs and low clouds.
The sea temperature is high in the summer months, while it becomes a bit cool in winter, when it drops to 22 °C (72 °F) in July and August. However, this coastal stretch, apart from the socio-political conditions of the country, does not lend itself to beach tourism because of the frequent cloud cover.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is more extended to the south than to the north of the Equator (it stretches from the 13th parallel South to the 5th parallel North), in addition, in the south, there are some areas located at higher elevations. The result is that the austral winter is more pronounced in some areas, where it is dry and sunny, but also very cool or even cold at night.

Lubumbashi

Climate chart - Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi is located in the far south, in the former province of Katanga, at 1,300 meters (4,250 feet) of altitude. Here, in winter (June to mid-August), the temperature at night can drop to as low as 0 °C (32 °F). Additionally, the temperature increases in the second half of the dry season, between mid-August and October.
In Lubumbashi, the winter dry season is very evident (it practically never rains from May to September) and long (it lasts more than six months). Precipitation amounts to 1,200 mm (47 in) per year, with a maximum in summer (December to February), when the rains are abundant and exceed 250 mm (10 in) per month.
In Lubumbashi and in the far south, the sun shines regularly in the dry winter season, especially from May to September.

Mountains



Congo, areas with a mountain climate

In the easternmost part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there are mountain ranges, related to the East African Rift. In the Rift, we also find a number of lakes, such as Lake Albert, located at 615 meters (2,000 feet) above sea level; Lake Edward, at 915 meters (3,000 ft); Lake Kivu, at 1,465 meters (4,805 ft); Lake Tanganyika, at 770 meters (2,500 ft); and Lake Mweru, at 920 meters (3,020 ft).
The mountains have an influence on precipitation: the western side is more rainy, while the eastern side is sheltered from humid currents, so much so that in the central and southern part of Lake Tanganyika, the rainfall drops below 1,000 mm (40 in) per year.

Goma

Climate chart - Goma
The city of Goma is located at 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level, on the shores of Lake Kivu. Although we are at the Equator, at this altitude, temperatures are pleasant all year round during the day, around 24/25 °C (75/77 °F) and cool at night.
Rainfall in Goma amounts to 1,250 millimeters (50 inches) per year; from June to August, the rains are fairly rare and not abundant.
In Goma, the sunniest period is the relatively dry one that goes from June to August.

Giant lobelia in Rwenzori

The most imposing mountains of the country are the Ruwenzori mountains, which are located in the far east, on the border with Uganda, almost at the Equator. The highest mountain is Mount Stanley or Ngaliema, in Margherita Peak, at 5,109 meters (16,762 ft) of altitude, where there is also a glacier.
These mountains are very wet, since they receive constant rainfall and are often covered with clouds; they are home to a variety of environments, which change with altitude: between 2,000 and 3,000 meters (6,600 and 9,800 ft), there is a montane forest; above 3,000 meters (9,800 ft), there are species that are able to withstand the frost at night as well as the strong solar radiation during the day; finally, above 4,000 meters (13,000 ft), we find a moorland similar to that found in the Alps.
The Ruwenzori Mountains on the Congolese side are protected in the Virunga National Park (which is also a World Heritage Site by UNESCO), which extends to the south, beyond Lake Edward, to the other imposing mountain range, still on the border with Uganda, precisely the Virunga Mountains.
West of Lake Kivu, we find the Mitumba Mountains, whose highest peaks are Mount Kahuzi, 3,308 meters (10,853 ft), and Mount Biega, 2,790 meters (9,154 ft). They are part of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which, however, has been declared at risk because of illegal hunting and poaching.
South of the Virunga Mountains are the Itombwe Mountains, which culminate in Mount Mohi, at 3,475 meters (11,401 ft).

When to go



There is no single best time to visit the Democratic Republic of the Congo, since the dry season comes at different times: in the tropical region north of the Equator, it runs from December to February; in the tropical region south of the Equator (see Kinshasa), it goes from June to August; in the southernmost area (see Lubumbashi), there is little rain even in May, September and October, although in the latter two months, it can get hot during the day, especially below a thousand meters (3,300 feet), for instance, in the Kundelungu National Park.

In the equatorial zone, where it rains throughout the year (see Kisangani), there is usually a drop in rainfall in two periods, January-February and June-July.

What to pack



In the equatorial zone, all year round, bring light clothing of natural fibers, a light sweatshirt for the evening, and an umbrella or a light raincoat for the rain showers.
In the tropical areas, in the rainy season, bring an umbrella or a light raincoat for the rain showers. In the relatively cool and dry season (December to February in the north, June to September in Kinshasa and in the south), you can add a sweatshirt and a light jacket, especially in the south and on the coast.
At low-mountain elevations, above a thousand meters (3,300 feet, see Lake Kivu and Goma, Lubumbashi), you can bring a sweatshirt and a light jacket for the evening, all year round.
In the far south, above a thousand meters (3,300 feet, see Lubumbashi), from May to August, you can add sweater, a warm jacket and a hat for nights and early mornings.
For the highest mountains, such as the Ruwenzori, all year round, bring winter clothes, a jacket, a hat, and gloves.

Climate data - Democratic Republic Congo


Temperatures: °C, Precipitation: mm
Banana
Banana, location on the map
Banana, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.222222232220181921232323
Max temp.303030302825252526272828
Precip.701251301706000052012080
Prec. days5891250001576
Day length121212121212121212121212
Sun hours455544322244
Sea temp272829282624222223252727

Gemena (400 meters)
Gemena, location on the map
Gemena, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.192020212120202020201919
Max temp.313332313130292930303031
Precip.355512514516515518021519521512045
Prec. days461112141212151617116
Day length121212121212121212121212
Sun hours776665555667

Goma (1,500 meters)
Goma, location on the map
Goma, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.141414141413131313131313
Max temp.252525252525252525252524
Precip.11595110140135453065115150145120
Prec. days171720221775814202320
Day length121212121212121212121212
Sun hours665567766665

Kinshasa (300 meters)
Kinshasa, location on the map
Kinshasa, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.222323232220192021222222
Max temp.313232333129282931313131
Precip.15513517019512550535135255170
Prec. days10101315111014111614
Humidity79%78%76%77%80%79%76%71%69%75%79%81%
Day length121212121212121212121212
Sun hours455555455544

Kisangani (400 meters)
Kisangani, location on the map
Kisangani, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.201920202019191919202020
Max temp.313131313130292930303030
Precip.90115165180160115115155185230215165
Prec. days9913151387914171512
Day length121212121212121212121212
Sun hours776665545566

Lubumbashi (1,300 meters)
Lubumbashi, location on the map
Lubumbashi, location on the map
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Min temp.161616141088913151616
Max temp.262626272625252730312826
Precip.255255260605000535165255
Prec. days24222092000151724
Day length131212121212121212121313
Sun hours55691010111010974



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