Climate - Kiribati

The climate of Kiribati is tropical, hot all year round, with considerable differences in rainfall. In fact, the islands are scattered in the middle of the Pacific Ocean around the Equator, and span a vast area, of 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles) from west to east, and in the central and eastern part, a strange phenomenon occurs: the islands located along the Equator receive a cool sea current from the east, which even arrives from South America, and is able to make the climate more arid.

Index

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• Gilbert Islands - South Tarawa
• Phoenix Islands
• Line Islands - Christmas Island
• El Niño
• Cyclones

Gilbert Islands

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In the west, the Gilbert Islands (formerly Kingsmill), from which the name of the entire archipelago is derived, have an equatorial climate, rainy throughout the year, with a rainier season from December to April and a relatively less rainy season from May to November. Banaba Island (or Ocean Island), located apart from the others in the south-west, has a similar climate.
The rains range from 2,500 mm (98 inches) per year in the northernmost atolls (see Makin, Butaritari) to 1,500 mm (59 in) in the southern ones (see Tamana, Arorae).

South Tarawa

In the capital, South Tarawa, in the central part of the group, at 1 degree north latitude, the daytime temperature is very stable, around 31 °C (88 °F) throughout the year.
Given the enormous distance from the continents, the records do not differ much from the averages. It never gets cold at night, and the temperature never drops below 20 °C (68 °F). On the hottest days of the year, the temperature typically reaches 33 °C (91.5 °F).
Here are the average temperatures.

In South Tarawa, 2,000 millimeters (78 inches) of rain fall per year, with a maximum in March and a minimum in November.
Here is the average precipitation.

The sea is warm all year round as well, as you can see in the following table.

Phoenix Islands

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In the central area, the Phoenix Islands (or Rawaki), almost completely uninhabited, are more arid.



Here are the average temperatures in the only inhabited atoll, Kanton, also called Canton or Abariringa.

In Canton, just 500 mm (20 in) of rain fall per year, with little rainfall from October to February and moderate rainfall in the rest of the year.

Line Islands

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In the east, the Line Islands, or Equatorial Sporades, almost in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, are very extended in latitude, approximately 2,000 km (1,200 mi) from the northwest to the southeast, from 5 degrees north latitude to 11 degrees south latitude). On these islands, the amount of rainfall varies depending on the area: the central islands, despite being near the Equator, are semi-arid, while the northern islands are rainy because they lie within the Intertropical Convergence Zone. So, precipitation amounts to only 450 mm (17.5 in) per year on Malden Island, just south of the Equator, where it exceeds 100 mm (4 in) per month only in April and May; it reaches 1,000 mm (40 in) on Christmas Island, just north of the Equator.
The rains are much more abundant to the north, on Fanning Island (or Tabuaeran), which has a lush vegetation, and receives 2,100 mm (83 in) of rain per year. Here, however, rainfall drops below 100 mm (4 in) between September and November, but it's also acceptable in August, with 115 mm (4.5 in) of rain. More to the northwest, Washington Island (or Teraina) is even rainier. Continuing northwest along the line where these islands are located, we find two US-owned atolls, Palmyra and Kingman Reef, which still have an equatorial climate, hot and rainy all year round.
On the southernmost islands (Vostok, Caroline, and Flint), at 10-11 degrees south latitude, the rains are at an intermediate level, in fact, they receive slightly more than 1,500 mm (60 in) of rain per year.

Christmas Island

On these islands, too, the temperature is high all year round, as we can see from the averages of Christmas Island (or Kiritimati).

On Christmas Island, which as mentioned is found just north of the Equator, there is a rainy period from January to July, although the rains are normally not very abundant, if not maybe in March and April. Here is the average precipitation.

On these eastern islands, the sea is warm all year round, even though it's just cooler than in the western ones, in fact, the water temperature is around 27/28 °C (81/82 °F).

El Niño

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So far, we have talked about the average temperature and rainfall, but it must be said that the Kiribati Islands are strongly influenced by the phenomenon known as El Niño, as well as its opposite, La Niña. With El Niño, the eastern current that carries relatively cold water from South America slows down, so the climate becomes warmer and rainier than normal, while with La Niña, the eastern current becomes even more intense, so the climate becomes cooler and drier, leading to recurrent drought, which in these atolls, flat and devoid of streams, can cause major problems.
In Tarawa, just 150 mm (6 in) of rain fell in the driest years, while in the wettest years, more than 4,000 mm (157 in) fell.

Tropical cyclones

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Being practically at the Equator, the Kiribatis are outside of the area where cyclones form. However, being flat islands, they can sometimes receive anomalous waves, especially if they are combined with high tide, as happened in Tarawa, both with Cyclone Pam in March 2015 and with Cyclone Tia in November 1991 (both were cyclones of the southern hemisphere).
In theory, the southern Line Islands (Vostok, Caroline, and Flint) are located at the edge of the area where they can form, in the period from November to April, although cyclones are rare in this area.

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When to go and what to pack in Kiribati