Climate - Honduras

Index

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• Introduction
• Caribbean coast - La Ceiba, Roatán
• Hills and mountains - Tegucigalpa
• South - Choluteca
• Hurricanes

Introduction

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In most of Honduras, a Central American country extended from 13 to 16 degrees north latitude, the climate is tropical, with a dry season in winter and a rainy season in summer, while in the north, there is an area having an equatorial climate, ie rainy throughout the year. In fact, the north-east trade winds, which blow in the winter months, are able to pick up moisture from the sea, and then unload rain showers on the north coast and the northern side of the mountains. As regards to the temperature, they are high all year round in the lowlands, especially in the south, while in mountainous areas, they are milder or cooler depending on altitude.
In the north, the Caribbean Sea coast, directly exposed to the trade winds, is very rainy throughout the year, with a total of 2,800/3,000 millimeters (110/118 inches) per year. The rest of the country (mostly hilly and mountainous, with a small outlet on the Pacific coast, in the Gulf of Fonseca) is less rainy: rainfall ranges from 900 to 2,000 mm (35 to 79 in) per annum, and experiences a dry season from November to April, called el verano, and a rainy season from May to October, called el invierno (which, despite its name, "the winter", is a warm and sultry period). The difference in climate between the two sides is also reflected in vegetation: the interior and the southern side are dominated by the savanna, while the northern side is covered by rainforest.
The prevalence of the northeast trade winds, constant winds typical of the tropics, makes the Pacific side warmer and drier, especially in the dry winter season. This happens because the air warms up as it comes down from the mountains, while the northern coasts and slopes, which receive the winds from the sea, are less hot but more humid. In fact, the daily average temperature reaches 31/32 degrees Celsius (88/90 degrees Fahrenheit) in the hottest months (March and April) in the southern plains, while it does not go beyond 27/28 °C (80/82 °F) in the northern plains (in the period from May to June, which here is the hottest), but in December and January, the difference is even greater: on the south coast, the daily average is around 29/30 °C (84/86 °F), while on the Caribbean coast, it's around 23/24 °C (73/75 °F).
Sometimes, from December to March, Honduras can be reached by cool air masses from the United States, and in these cases, the temperature at night can drop to around 10 °C (50 °F) in Tegucigalpa, and around 13/15 °C (55/59 °F) in the plains.

Caribbean coast

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As mentioned, the Caribbean coast, (as well as the Caribbean Islands, such as Guanaja, Roatán, and Útila) has no real dry season, although, in general, there is a decrease in rainfall in the period from February to April, especially in March and April, more marked on the eastern part (Gracias a Dios Department), where it drops to 50/60 mm (2/2.3 in) per month. On the western part, the decrease in rainfall is less noticeable: in Tela and La Ceiba, it does not go below 80/90 mm (3.1/3.5 in) per month. By May, the rains increase in frequency in the western part, and also in intensity in the central-eastern part.

La Ceiba

In La Ceiba, the daytime temperature drops to 28 °C (82.5 °F) in December and January, while it reaches around 32 °C (89.5 °F) from June to September. From December to March, cool air masses from the United States can bring the night temperature down to 14/15 °C (57/59 °F). Generally, the highest temperatures occur in the least rainy period: in April and May, the thermometer can mark 37 °C (99 °F).Here are the average temperatures.

In this northern part, the rainfall records are high throughout the year, which means that it can sometimes rain a lot even in the months which are normally less rainy, although the rainiest period is normally from October to December in the western part (in Tela, 400 mm (16 in) fall per month in this period), while it goes from June to July in the eastern part (in Puerto Lempira, the rainfall in these two months exceeds 400 mm (16 in) per month).
Here is the average precipitation in La Ceiba.

In La Ceiba, all in all, the sun shines for a decent number of hours in the long rainy season (at least, if we consider the rainfall frequency), while it shines quite often in the least rainy months, from February to May. Here are the average sunshine hours per day.

Roatán

In Roatán too, and on the other Caribbean islands (Guanaja, Útila, Cayos Cochinos), belonging to the Bay Islands Department, the climate is hot all year round, but with a cooler season from November to February and a hotter and muggy season from May to October, and with abundant rains, without a real dry season.
In Roatán, the average temperature ranges from 25.5 °C (78 °F) in January to 29 °C (84 °F) in August and September. Being an island, the temperatures are quite stable, however, from December to March, sometimes the temperature can drop below 20 °C (68 °F), while from April to October, on the hottest days it can reach 33/34 °C (91/93 °F).
Here are the average temperatures.

In Roatán, 2,700 mm of rain fall per year; the rains are very abundant from October to December, while they drop to acceptable levels from March to May. Here is the average rainfall.

In Roatán, as in the rest of Honduras, the sea is warm enough to swim in all year round: the water temperature ranges between 27 °C and 29 °C (81 °F and 84 °F).

Hills and mountains

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On the southern slope and in inland areas, where the rainy season lasts from May to October, there is some decrease in rainfall in July and August, so the rainiest periods are May-June and September-October.

Tegucigalpa

The Honduran capital, Tegucigalpa, is located at 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) above sea level, in the so-called tierras templadas, and its climate is more pleasant than at sea level: the normal daytime temperature ranges from 26.5 °C (79.5 °F) in December to 31 °C (88 °F) in April. From December to March, on colder nights, the temperature typically drops to around 10 °C (50 °F), but can sometimes drop lower. The hottest days typically occur from March to May, when the temperature normally reaches 33/34 °C (91/93 °F), but can sometimes reach 36/37 °C (97/99 °F).
Here are the average temperatures.

The rainfall amounts to 870 mm (34 in) per year, including more than 120 mm (4.7 in) per month in the four rainiest months (which, as we have said, in this area are May-June and September-October). From November to mid-April, it rains very rarely. Here is the average precipitation.

The sun in Tegucigalpa shines a little more often than on the north side, since it rains less and the dry season is longer.



The Mayan archaeological site of Copán lies at 700 meters (2,300 feet) above sea level, so it is a bit warmer than the capital.
At higher altitudes, the climate becomes cooler. In La Esperanza, at 1,700 meters (5,600 feet) above sea level, the average temperature ranges from 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) in January to 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) in May. From December to March, the minimum temperature can drop to 5 °C (41 °F) or even below. On warmer days, temperatures typically reach 28/29 °C (82/84 °F) from February to May. Here are the average temperatures.

Above 2,000 meters (6,500 feet), night temperatures can be cold, especially in the period from November to March, while above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft), it can get cold even during the day.

South

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In the far south, in the Valle and Choluteca departments, there is an area overlooking the Gulf of Fonseca, which then opens up to the Pacific Ocean. On the coast there are swamps and mangroves. There are a few islands in the gulf, including Zacate Grande and El Tigre (where the city of Amapala is located).
This area is very hot even in winter.
The sea is warm all year round.

Choluteca

In Choluteca, located at 13 degrees north latitude and about 30 km (18 mi) from the coast, temperatures are very high all year round, but especially at the end of the dry season. From March to May, on the hottest days the temperature usually reaches 39/40 °C (102/104 °F), but can sometimes reach higher values. Here are the average temperatures.

In Choluteca, 1,700 mm (67 in) of rain fall per year, with a rainy period from May to October, within which there is a relative decrease in July. Here is the average rainfall.

The southernmost part of Honduras is very sunny, in fact there are almost 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. The sunniest period is the dry one.

Hurricanes

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Honduras is located in the path of hurricanes, which may hit the country in the period from June to November, however, they are most likely from August to October. Usually, they come from the east, from the Caribbean Sea, but sometimes, tropical depressions can also form on the Pacific Ocean, which can especially affect the western part of the country, as early as in mid-May, as happened with tropical storm Aletta in late May 1982 and with hurricane Adrian in mid-May 2005. A particularly destructive hurricane was Fifi in September 1974, another one was Mitch at the end of October 1998.

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