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Climate in Baja California (Mexico)


Average weather, temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours

Flag - Mexico

Baja California, where it is


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Index


  • Introduction
  • The west coast - Guadalupe Island
  • Center and east - Laguna Hanson
  • When to go

Introduction



In the state of Baja California (Baja California), which includes the northern part of the peninsula of the same name, the climate is generally arid subtropical, mild on the west coast, overlooking the Pacific ocean, where a cold current flows, and very hot in summer on the east coast, overlooking the Gulf of California (or Sea of ​​Cortez).
The interior is crossed by a mountain range, which separates the two worlds, the mild oceanic one and the warm eastern one. In the north, we have the Sierra de Juárez, and further south the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir. In the latter we find the highest peak, the Picacho del Diablo, 3,096 meters (10,057 feet) high. In the northern inland areas, it is cold in winter, and snowfalls and frosts are possible, while summer is hot even at altitudes of a few hundred meters.
The rainfall is not abundant, however, it reaches 250 millimeters (10 inches) per year in the extreme north-west (see Tijuana), and even 400 mm (15.5 in) per year in the mountainous areas of the north, while it is more scarce, at desert levels, on both the north-eastern plain (see Mexicali) and on the east coast (see San Felipe).
Most of the rain falls from November to March, although in the interior, some rains also occur from July to September. The Sonoran desert, which is characterized by an increase in rainfall in the second part of summer, a "little monsoon" from July to mid-October, is located just further east (in the state of Sonora) and further south, that is, in the central-southern part of the peninsula (which also includes the state of Baja California Sur).
From late June to October, and with a maximum in September, Baja California may be affected by the remnants of tropical depressions and cyclones that form in the Pacific off the southern coast of Mexico, and then head north, mainly affecting Baja California Sur.

Baja-California, northern part

The west coast



The north-west coast (see Tijuana, Rosarito, Ensenada), has a very mild, almost Mediterranean climate. However, all year round, but especially from April to November, with a maximum in autumn, the temperature can increase a lot when the Santa Ana blows, the wind from the deserts of interior.
In May and June, here too, as on the California coast, fog can form from the sea.
Here are the average temperatures of Ensenada.
Ensenada - Average temperatures (1951-2010)
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January7.519.713.6
February82014
March920.114.6
April10.52115.8
May12.621.817.2
June14.52318.8
July16.725.221
August17.726.322
September16.426.221.3
October13.324.518.9
November9.922.316.1
December7.52013.8
Year1222.517.2

The rains are concentrated from November to March, while the summer is sunny and pleasantly warm. Here is the average rainfall.
Ensenada - Average precipitation
MonthRain (mm)Days
January506
February506
March506
April204
May52
June01
July01
August01
September51
October102
November253
December355
Year26037

The sea in this area is cold even in summer, due to the aforementioned cold current. Here are the sea temperatures at Ensenada.
Ensenada - Sea temperature
MonthTemperatures (°C)
January15.5
February15.5
March16
April16.5
May17.5
June18.5
July20
August20.5
September21
October20
November18">
December16.5
Year18

Continuing south on the west coast, the temperature does not increase much (to find a really hot summer, you have to go to Baja California Sur). However, in Punta San Carlos, at the 29th parallel, albeit with a certain delay, the temperatures in summer become quite warm, around 28/29 °C (82/84 °F). Here are the average temperatures.
Punta San Carlos - Average temperatures
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January7.619.713.6
February8.120.414.2
March8.12014
April921.315.2
May10.422.816.6
June12.22518.6
July14.527.821.2
August15.328.722
September14.428.221.3
October12.325.819
November9.822.616.2
December7.820.214
Year10.823.617.15

Guadalupe Island

At 265 km (165 mi) off Punta San Carlos, we find Guadalupe, a volcanic island that is decidedly mild and arid, and also foggy. In the interior, there are reliefs that reach 1,300 meters (4,265 feet), where the humidity of mists and low clouds is deposited, so that pines and cypresses can grow. The island is considered an excellent place to see great white sharks. Here are the average temperatures.
Isla Guadalupe - Average temperatures (1951-1980)
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January11.818.915.4
February11.619.615.6
March11.619.815.7
April1220.116
May12.420.816.6
June13.121.817.4
July14.52318.8
August15.923.919.9
September16.424.220.3
October15.523.219.4
November13.821.617.7
December12.520.116.3
Year13.421.417.4

In one year, just 110 mm (4.3 in) of rain fall, almost all from November to April. Here is the average rainfall.
Isla Guadalupe - Average precipitation
MonthRain (mm)Days
January152
February202
March203
April101
May00
June00
July00
August00
September00
October51
November102
December202
Year11014

In Isla Guadalupe, the sea is a bit cold even in summer.
Isla Guadalupe - Sea temperature
MonthTemperatures (°C)
January17
February16
March16
April16
May17
June18
July19
August20
September20
October20
November18">
December17
Year17.9

Isla Guadalupe

Center and east



Moving away from the coast, the summer becomes decidedly warmer. At Tecate, in the north-east, east of Tijuana and 45 km (28 mi) from the coast, despite being at 500 meters (1,600 feet) above sea level, the maximum temperature in August is 34 °C (93 °F), but sometimes it can reach 40 °C (104 °F) from May to October. Here are the average temperatures.
Tecate - Average temperatures (1951-2010)
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January3.418.911.1
February3.919.611.8
March4.920.212.6
April6.12314.6
May8.225.516.8
June10.629.520
July13.933.323.6
August14.233.724
September12.332.222.2
October92818.5
November5.92314.4
December3.919.711.8
Year8.125.616.8

Further to the east, east of the mountain range, and just south of the Imperial Valley of California, we find a scorching and decidedly desert plain, where Mexicali is located, the state capital. Here, the heat record is 50 °C (122 °F). Here are the average temperatures.
Mexicali - Average temperatures (1991-2020)
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January7.421.114.2
February8.923.116
March11.626.919.3
April14.230.422.3
May18.134.926.5
June2239.530.8
July26.341.533.9
August26.841.334.1
September23.638.831.2
October16.732.624.6
November1125.818.4
December6.820.213.5
Year16.231.423.7

Further south, on the Gulf of California coast, summer temperatures are somewhat lower, but on the other hand the humidity is higher. Rainfall is still very rare. Here are the average temperatures of San Felipe.
San Felipe - Average temperatures
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January9.220.815
February10.422.316.4
March13.525.919.7
April15.229.222.2
May18.532.725.6
June21.935.528.7
July25.237.431.3
August24.837.531.2
September23.335.729.5
October18.131.224.6
November13.525.719.6
December10.121.415.8
Year1729.623.3

The sea on this coast becomes very warm from July to October. Here are the average sea temperatures in San Felipe.
San Felipe - Sea temperature
MonthTemperatures (°C)
January17
February16.5
March17.5
April19.5
May22
June25
July28
August29.5
September29.5
October27.5
November23.5">
December19.5
Year22.9

Hanson lagoon

In the mountainous areas, winter is cold, and intense frosts can occur, while in summer, the temperature is quite high, at least considering the altitude, actually, sometimes it get hot. Here are the average temperatures of Laguna Hanson (or Laguna Juarez), 1,600 meters (5,250 feet) above sea level, in the Parque Nacional Constitución de 1857.
Laguna Hanson - Average temperatures
Temperatures (°C)
MonthMinMaxMean
January-2.711.74.5
February-2.313.15.4
March-1.612.95.6
April0168
May2.720.311.5
June5.624.615.1
July9.528.419
August9.127.918.5
September7.125.416.2
October2.22011.1
November-0.815.77.4
December-2.413.45.5
Year2.219.210.65

Precipitation in Laguna Hanson amounts to 390 mm (15.3 in) per year, and in winter it can occur in the form of snow. Some showers may occur in the summer. Precipitation is abundant enough to allow the growth of coniferous forests.
Laguna Hanson - Average precipitation
MonthRain (mm)Days
January505
February555
March706
April253
May51
June00
July353
August404
September202
October202
November403
December354
Year39037

Laguna Hanson

Further south, and still inland, we find the Parque Natural del Desierto Central de Baja California. Here, winter is mild and sunny during the day, but with cold nights, while in summer, during the day it's very hot.

when to go


In general, you can go to Baja California from November to April, since in some areas (the inland ones and the east coast) it is very hot in summer.
The western coast, which is a world apart, can be visited all year round, however the best time to go to the beach is from July to October, when the sea is less cold (although in October there is the risk of hurricanes).

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See also the climate of Baja California Sur.


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