Climate - Haiti

Index

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• Introduction - Port-Au-Prince, Cap-Haïtien
• Sea temperature
• Hurricanes
• When to go
• What to pack

Introduction

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The climate of Haiti is tropical, hot throughout the year, with a less hot period from November to March, when the trade winds from the northeast prevail, and a muggy period from May to October, when the heat becomes unpleasant, though along the coasts it is tempered by the breeze. Temperatures are a bit higher in inland plains and on the south-facing coasts, while they are slightly lower along the north-facing coasts.
As regards to the rainfall, there is usually a dry season from December to February and a rainy season from April to October, with two rainy peaks at the beginning and the end of the period, and a decrease in July.
From December to March, the north-west cool wind, coming from the United States, can sometimes lower the temperature by a few degrees, bringing the night temperatures a few degrees below 20 °C (68 °F).
Haiti occupies the western part of the island of Hispaniola, which is located in the Caribbean, southeast of Cuba and west of Puerto Rico.

Port-Au-Prince

Here are the average temperatures of the capital, Port-Au-Prince, located in a particularly sheltered and warm area. In fact, Port-Au-Prince is the hottest city in the Caribbean.

Port-au-Prince - Average temperatures (1991-2020)

Month	Min (°C)	Max (°C)	Mean (°C)	Min (°F)	Max (°F)	Mean (°F)
January	23	31.4	27.2	73	88	80.9
February	22	31.8	26.9	72	89	80.4
March	22	31.7	26.8	72	89	80.3
April	23	32.1	27.5	73	90	81.6
May	23	32.9	27.9	73	91	82.3
June	24	34.4	29.2	75	94	84.5
July	25	35	30	77	95	86
August	24	34.8	29.4	75	95	84.9
September	24	34	29	75	93	84.2
October	24	32.8	28.4	75	91	83.1
November	23	32	27.5	73	90	81.5
December	22	31.6	26.8	72	89	80.3
Year	23.3	32.9	28	73.9	91.1	82.5

In Port-au-Prince, a total of 1,250 millimeters (49 inches) of rain falls per year. Here is the average precipitation.

Port-au-Prince - Average precipitation

Month	Millimeters	Inches	Days
January	30	1.2	3
February	35	1.4	5
March	75	3	7
April	155	6.1	11
May	190	7.5	13
June	110	4.3	8
July	65	2.6	7
August	135	5.3	11
September	165	6.5	12
October	160	6.3	12
November	80	3.1	7
December	45	1.8	3
Year	1245	49	99

As generally happens in tropical climates, the rains in Haiti occur mostly in the form of short but intense showers or thunderstorms, especially in the evening, which do not affect much the amount of sunshine, except perhaps in September and October, which are typically the rainiest months, and when thunderstorms are more frequent and may last longer.
In fact, the amount of sunshine is good all year round, at least along the coasts, as can be seen in the following table.

Port-au-Prince - Sunshine hours

Month	Average	Total
January	8	250
February	8.5	235
March	8.5	265
April	8.5	255
May	8	240
June	8.5	250
July	9	280
August	9	275
September	7.5	230
October	7.5	240
November	8	235
December	7.5	240
Year	8.2	2990

Sea temperature

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The sea in Haiti is warm all year round: on the northern coast, the sea surface temperature ranges from 26 °C (79 °F) between February and April to 29 °C (84 °F) between July and October, while near Port-au-Prince, it is slightly warmer, as we can see in the following table.

Port-au-Prince - Sea temperature

Month	Celsius (°C)	Fahrenheit (°F)
January	27	81
February	27	80
March	27	80
April	27.5	81
May	28	82
June	28.5	83
July	28.5	83
August	29	84
September	29	85
October	29	85
November	28.5	84
December	28	82
Year	28.1	82.6

In other areas, there are microclimates in which the rains follow a different pattern than that of Port-au-Prince. The coasts exposed to the north (therefore, to the north-east trade winds) are rainy even in winter, especially in the first part, in November and December. This happens on the northern coast (see Cap-Haïtien), and to a lesser extent on the north-facing coast of the Department of Grand Anse (see Jérémie).

Cap-Haïtien

In Cap-Haïtien, the wettest months are November and December, and there is no real dry period, therefore we can speak of equatorial climate. Here is the average rainfall.

Cap Haitien - Average precipitation

Month	Millimeters	Inches	Days
January	130	5.1	10
February	110	4.3	8
March	90	3.5	9
April	120	4.7	9
May	190	7.5	12
June	155	6.1	12
July	95	3.7	14
August	100	3.9	14
September	150	5.9	15
October	170	6.7	16
November	210	8.3	12
December	180	7.1	11
Year	1700	66.9	142

In Cap-Haïtien, the temperatures are a little lower than in Port-Au-Prince, since it is directly exposed to the north-east trade winds.

Cap Haitien - Average temperatures

Month	Min (°C)	Max (°C)	Mean (°C)	Min (°F)	Max (°F)	Mean (°F)
January	20.7	28.1	24.4	69	83	75.9
February	20.8	28.3	24.5	69	83	76.2
March	21.1	28.6	24.8	70	84	76.7
April	22.3	29.5	25.9	72	85	78.6
May	23.5	30.6	27	74	87	80.6
June	24.4	32	28.2	76	90	82.8
July	24.8	32.2	28.5	77	90	83.2
August	24.8	32.4	28.6	77	90	83.4
September	24.4	32.3	28.4	76	90	83
October	24	31.5	27.7	75	89	81.9
November	22.7	29.8	26.3	73	86	79.3
December	21.6	28.7	25.2	71	84	77.3
Year	22.9	30.3	26.6	73.3	86.6	80

Moving inland, we find some hills, and in the south, there are also some mountains, among which the highest is Pic la Selle, 2,680 meters (8,793 feet) high; in this area, there are also sheltered valleys and plains, which are almost arid, since precipitation drops below 1,000 mm (40 inches) per year.

Hurricanes

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From June to November, in Haiti, as commonly happens in the Caribbean, it's the period of hurricanes, which, though rarely directly hit a particular location, are dangerous and may sometimes be destructive. However, hurricanes are most likely from August to October.
The country was hit hard by the "Dominican Republic hurricane" in September 1930, by the "Jérémie hurricane" in October 1935, by Hurricane Flora in early October 1963, by hurricane Georges in September 1998, and by hurricane Matthew in October 2016.
However, tropical storms, even when they are not very intense, can still cause heavy rainfall in inland mountainous areas, and given the fragility of the soil, they may cause landslides and floods.

When to go

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The best time to visit the capital and the south-central area of Haiti is from December to March.
On the northern coast, given the frequent rains lingering until December, you can choose January, February and March.
Winter is warm enough for a beach holiday, even though Haiti is not a quiet country in socio-economic terms, and it's not equipped for this type of activity.
In summer, the sun frequently shines, but the heat is sweltering, and there is some risk of hurricanes. In this period, the best month (or the least bad) is July because there's usually a certain decrease in rainfall (also in the northern coasts), furthermore, hurricanes are less likely than in August and September.

What to pack

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From November to April: bring light clothes, and a sweatshirt for the evening. When going to the mountains, bring a jacket and hiking boots.
From May to October, bring lightweight clothing, and possibly a light sweatshirt and a light raincoat for thunderstorms. When going to the mountains, bring a sweatshirt or a sweater.

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