Northern Ireland - The climate in short
Northern Ireland's climate is oceanic, with quite cold, rainy winters and mild, relatively rainy summers.
The region is a constituent country of the United Kingdom and occupies the northeastern part of the island of Ireland.
Atlantic weather fronts move relentlessly one after another over the country, resulting in a rapid succession of cloudiness and sunshine, rain showers and subsequent improvements. Days with completely clear skies are rare: the weather is more likely to be variable or unstable, and between one disturbance and another you can expect, rather than clear skies, clouds running in the sky.
The wind is frequent and lively, although it is generally stronger between late autumn and early spring.
Rainfall is frequent, even though it is not very abundant, because the bulk of the rains is discharged on the hills of Donegal, in the Republic of Ireland. Rainfall amounts to 860 mm (33.9 inches) per year in Derry, in the north, and 940 mm (37 in) in Belfast, in the north-east, while it exceeds 1,000 mm (40 in) in the west. The least rainy city is Armagh, in the southern inland areas, with 825 mm (32.5 in).
The climate in detail
The seasons
Winter, from December to February, is quite cold but not freezing. The sky is often cloudy, the rains are frequent, and the most intense low pressure systems can cause wind storms. Temperatures are slightly above freezing during the night, while they are around 7/8 °C (45/46 °F) during the day.
On milder periods, under the influence of southerly air masses, the temperature can reach 13/15 °C (55/59 °F).
Cold waves are rare, and are usually short-lived because the westerlies start to blow again after a while. In most cases, on clear nights, there can be light frosts, and nothing more. Night temperatures drop below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), usually by a few degrees, for about 20 days each year in Portrush (on the north coast), 25 days in Derry (near the north coast), 30 days in Belfast (near the north-east coast), and 50 days in Castlederg, in the western inland areas.
Snow is quite rare as well: on average, it falls for a few days in a year, and may not occur for an entire winter.
However, occasionally there can be a more intense cold spell than usual, during which the temperature can go down to -10 °C (14 °F) or even below. The coldest records were registered in the exceptional month of December 2010, when the temperature dropped to -18.7 °C (-1.7 °F) in Castlederg, a village in the west, to -15 °C (5 °F) at Belfast airport, and to -12 °C (10.5 °F) in Derry and Armagh.
Most of the region is flat, but there are also
hills, in particular, the Sperrin mountains in the west, which reach up to 678 meters (2,224 ft), and the Morne mountains in the south-east, which reach up to 850 meters (2,790 ft). On these hills, the temperatures are a bit lower than in the plains, so the snow, which is rare at sea level, becomes quite frequent here from November to April.
Spring, from March to May, is initially cold, and remains very cool or cold still in April, and sometimes in May. In return, spring is the (relatively) least rainy season and the sunniest of the year.
In
Summer, from June to August, temperatures are cool: average highs are around 18/19 °C (64/66 °F). The rains are also frequent in this season.
However, quite rarely, there may be periods, usually short-lived, with sunny weather and pleasantly warm temperatures, when the Azores High moves over the country. In these cases, the temperature can reach or exceed 25 °C (77 °F), though it almost never reaches 30 °C (86 °F).
The
heat record is 31.3 °C (88.3 °F), recorded in July 2021 in Castlederg (the same place where the cold record was set). Previously, the temperature had reached 31 °C (88 °F) at Lough Fea, in the center, in August 1995, and at Garrison, in the southwest, in June 1976.
Autumn, from September to November, is cloudy and rainy, at times windy, with little room for sunshine.
Belfast
Belfast, where is located
Here are the average temperatures of
Belfast, the capital city, located on the east coast.
Belfast - Average temperatures (1991-2020) | Month | Min (°C) | Max (°C) | Mean (°C) | Min (°F) | Max (°F) | Mean (°F) |
|---|
| January | 2.2 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 36 | 45 | 40.5 |
|---|
| February | 2.1 | 7.9 | 5 | 36 | 46 | 41 |
|---|
| March | 3.1 | 9.7 | 6.4 | 38 | 49 | 43.5 |
|---|
| April | 4.7 | 12.3 | 8.5 | 40 | 54 | 47.3 |
|---|
| May | 7 | 15.3 | 11.2 | 45 | 60 | 52.1 |
|---|
| June | 9.9 | 17.7 | 13.8 | 50 | 64 | 56.8 |
|---|
| July | 11.8 | 19.1 | 15.4 | 53 | 66 | 59.8 |
|---|
| August | 11.6 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 53 | 66 | 59.3 |
|---|
| September | 9.9 | 16.6 | 13.2 | 50 | 62 | 55.8 |
|---|
| October | 7.2 | 13.1 | 10.2 | 45 | 56 | 50.3 |
|---|
| November | 4.4 | 9.7 | 7 | 40 | 49 | 44.7 |
|---|
| December | 2.5 | 7.6 | 5 | 36 | 46 | 41.1 |
|---|
| Year | 6.4 | 12.9 | 9.65 | 43.5 | 55.3 | 49.5 |
|---|
The rains are frequent all year round. Here is the average precipitation.
Belfast - Average precipitation| Month | Millimeters | Inches | Days |
|---|
| January | 90 | 3.5 | 15 |
|---|
| February | 65 | 2.6 | 12 |
|---|
| March | 75 | 3 | 14 |
|---|
| April | 65 | 2.6 | 11 |
|---|
| May | 65 | 2.6 | 12 |
|---|
| June | 70 | 2.8 | 11 |
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| July | 65 | 2.6 | 11 |
|---|
| August | 85 | 3.3 | 13 |
|---|
| September | 75 | 3 | 12 |
|---|
| October | 95 | 3.7 | 14 |
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| November | 95 | 3.7 | 15 |
|---|
| December | 90 | 3.5 | 14 |
|---|
| Year | 940 | 37 | 154 |
|---|
The sky in Northern Ireland is often cloudy, so the sun is rarely seen, so much so that there are 1,200 to 1,400 hours of sunshine per year. However, the sunniest month is May. Here are the average daily sunshine hours in Belfast.
Belfast - Sunshine hours| Month | Average | Total |
|---|
January | 1.5 | 40 | February | 2.5 | 65 | March | 3 | 100 | April | 5 | 155 | May | 6 | 185 | June | 5 | 150 | July | 4.5 | 145 | August | 4.5 | 140 | September | 3.5 | 110 | October | 3 | 90 | November | 2 | 55 | December | 1 | 35 | Year | 3.5 | 1280 |
The
sea in Northern Ireland doe not invite you to swim, in fact the water temperature does not go above 15 °C (59 °F) in August. Here is the sea temperature in Belfast.
Belfast - Sea temperature| Month | Celsius (°C) | Fahrenheit (°F) |
|---|
January | 8.5 | 47 | February | 7 | 45 | March | 7 | 45 | April | 8 | 47 | May | 10 | 50 | June | 12 | 54 | July | 14 | 57 | August | 15 | 59 | September | 14.5 | 58 | October | 13.5 | 57 | November | 12 | 54 | December | 10 | 50 | Year | 11.1 | 51.9 |
When to go
The best time to visit Northern Ireland is the summer,
from June to August, since it is the mildest of the year: the rains are frequent, the air is often very cool (especially in June), it's better to bring a jacket and umbrella (or rather a raincoat as it often rains in the wind), but the days are long, and you can hope to see the sun peeking through the clouds.
In September, the temperatures are still acceptable, but the days are shorter than in the previous months.
What to pack
In
winter: bring warm clothes, such as a sweater, a coat, a raincoat.
In
summer: bring clothes for spring and autumn, a jacket and a sweater, a raincoat or umbrella.
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