In the Gambia, a small country overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and crossed by the river of the same name, the climate is
tropical, hot all year round, with a dry season from November to May, and a rainy season from June to mid-October due to the African monsoon.
Along the coast, where
Banjul, the capital, is located, the climate is tempered by the ocean, while in the interior, the heat is more intense.
Here are the average temperatures in Banjul.
Banjul - Average temperatures (1991-2020) | Month | Min (°C) | Max (°C) | Mean (°C) | Min (°F) | Max (°F) | Mean (°F) |
|---|
| January | 17 | 33 | 25 | 63 | 91 | 76.9 |
|---|
| February | 18 | 34 | 26.2 | 65 | 93 | 79.1 |
|---|
| March | 19 | 35 | 26.8 | 66 | 94 | 80.3 |
|---|
| April | 20 | 34 | 26.6 | 68 | 92 | 80 |
|---|
| May | 21 | 33 | 27 | 70 | 91 | 80.7 |
|---|
| June | 24 | 33 | 28.2 | 74 | 91 | 82.8 |
|---|
| July | 24 | 32 | 27.6 | 75 | 89 | 81.7 |
|---|
| August | 23 | 31 | 27.2 | 74 | 88 | 81 |
|---|
| September | 23 | 31 | 27.3 | 74 | 89 | 81.1 |
|---|
| October | 23 | 33 | 28.2 | 74 | 91 | 82.7 |
|---|
| November | 21 | 34 | 27.2 | 69 | 93 | 81 |
|---|
| December | 18 | 33 | 25.6 | 65 | 91 | 78 |
|---|
| Year | 21 | 32.8 | 26.85 | 69.8 | 91.1 | 80.5 |
|---|
Annual
rainfall ranges between 900 and 1,100 millimeters (35 and 43 inches); the rainiest area is the coast, followed by the south-east. The first showers occur in June, but the rains are really abundant in July, August and September, when they exceed 200 mm (8 in) per month. August is the rainiest month, when rainfall exceeds 300 mm (12 in) in Banjul.
Here is the average precipitation in Banjul.
Banjul - Average precipitation| Month | Millimeters | Inches | Days |
|---|
| January | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| February | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| March | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| April | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| May | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| June | 65 | 2.6 | 5 |
|---|
| July | 230 | 9.1 | 14 |
|---|
| August | 345 | 13.6 | 19 |
|---|
| September | 255 | 10 | 16 |
|---|
| October | 75 | 3 | 6 |
|---|
| November | 2 | 0.1 | 0 |
|---|
| December | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Year | 975 | 38.5 | 60 |
|---|
In
winter, in December and January, it's hot during the day, with highs around 32/34 °C (90/93 °F) on the coast and 32/34 °C (93/97 °F) in inland areas, but with peaks of 38/40 °C (100/104 °F) even on the coast. However, the air is dry and nights are cool. The wind blowing from the desert, the
Harmattan, can veil the sun and lift dust.
Already in February, the temperature begins to increase in inland areas, reaching 37/40 °C (99/104 °F) from March to May, while along the coast, the heat is less intense, but moisture is higher. So, the
spring (which, as regards to the temperature, should be considered as the real summer) is a very hot season everywhere.
With the arrival of the
rains, the temperature decreases, dropping to about 31/32 °C (88/90 °F) during the day, but the humidity increases and the heat becomes sweltering. Sometimes, however, it can get very hot even in summer, in the pauses between the rainy periods. Between October and November, after the rains, the temperature rises again, especially in inland areas (see Sabi).
Here are the average temperatures of
Sabi, located in the eastern part of the country.
Sabi - Average temperatures| Month | Min (°C) | Max (°C) | Mean (°C) | Min (°F) | Max (°F) | Mean (°F) |
|---|
| January | 15 | 33 | 24 | 59 | 91 | 75.2 |
|---|
| February | 18 | 36 | 27 | 64 | 97 | 80.6 |
|---|
| March | 21 | 39 | 30 | 70 | 102 | 86 |
|---|
| April | 23 | 40 | 31.5 | 73 | 104 | 88.7 |
|---|
| May | 24 | 39 | 31.5 | 75 | 102 | 88.7 |
|---|
| June | 24 | 36 | 30 | 75 | 97 | 86 |
|---|
| July | 23 | 32 | 27.5 | 73 | 90 | 81.5 |
|---|
| August | 23 | 31 | 27 | 73 | 88 | 80.6 |
|---|
| September | 22 | 31 | 26.5 | 72 | 88 | 79.7 |
|---|
| October | 22 | 34 | 28 | 72 | 93 | 82.4 |
|---|
| November | 19 | 34 | 26.5 | 66 | 93 | 79.7 |
|---|
| December | 16 | 32 | 24 | 61 | 90 | 75.2 |
|---|
| Year | 20.8 | 34.7 | 27.75 | 69.5 | 94.5 | 82 |
|---|
The sun in Gambia shines regularly in the dry season, while in the rainy season, the sky is often cloudy, especially in July and August. Here are the average sunshine hours per day in Banjul.
Banjul - Sunshine hours| Month | Average | Total |
|---|
January | 6.5 | 210 | February | 8.5 | 235 | March | 8.5 | 265 | April | 8.5 | 250 | May | 7.5 | 230 | June | 6.5 | 200 | July | 6 | 185 | August | 6 | 190 | September | 6 | 185 | October | 7 | 215 | November | 8 | 245 | December | 7 | 210 | Year | 7.2 | 2625 |
The
sea is a bit cool from January to April, when the water temperature fluctuates about 21/22 °C (70/72 °F), while it's warm during the rainy season. In November, the first month after the rains, the sea is still warm.
Banjul - Sea temperature| Month | Celsius (°C) | Fahrenheit (°F) |
|---|
January | 22 | 72 | February | 21 | 70 | March | 21 | 70 | April | 22 | 71 | May | 24 | 75 | June | 27 | 81 | July | 29 | 83 | August | 28 | 83 | September | 28 | 83 | October | 29 | 84 | November | 28 | 82 | December | 25 | 78 | Year | 25.4 | 77.8 |
Tropical cyclones
In the ocean to the west of Senegal, there is an area in which
hurricanes, the tropical cyclones of the Atlantic, start to form; after they are formed, they move towards the west or the northwest and head to the Caribbean. So, usually Gambia is not affected by hurricanes because they develop at a considerable distance; however, a hurricane can occasionally be formed a short distance from the coast and affect Gambia as well, with rainfall and storm surges which can damage the coast, as happened at the beginning of September 2015 with Hurricane Fred.
Hurricanes are generally formed in this area in August and September.
When to go and what to pack in
Gambia