Weather and climate in Belgium

The climate of Belgium is cool and wet, being influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, especially on the coast and the plain. In the south-eastern regions (Ardennes), which are located at higher altitudes as well as at a greater distance from the sea, the climate is more continental, and also more unstable in summer.
Precipitation is frequent, but not particularly abundant,at least in the plains, where 800/850 millimeters (31/33 inches) of rain fall per year, while about 1,100 mm (43 in) fall in the Ardennes.

The climate in detail

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• The seasons
• The cities - Ostend, Brussels, Saint-Hubert
• When to go
• What to pack

The seasons

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Winter is cold on the coast, but not freezing. The average temperature in February (which is, albeit slightly, the coldest month on the coast) is about 4 °C (39 °F). Sunshine is rare and the rains are frequent.
Proceeding towards the interior, the temperature gradually decreases. The rains are frequent here as well.
In the Ardennes, the winter is colder, both because of the altitude and because of the greater distance from the sea. In Bastogne, Spa and Saint-Hubert, approximately 500 meters (1,600 feet) above sea level, the average January temperature drops to about 0 °C (32 °F), and snow often falls instead of rain.
Apart from the average temperatures, in winter, the weather in Belgium varies depending on meteorological condition.
The coldest days occur when the normal flow of Atlantic currents is arrested and is replaced by cold air masses from Eastern Europe: in these cases, the temperature drops below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), and snow can fall throughout the country. During the coldest winters, the temperature can drop to around -15 °C (5 °F).
On the contrary, when the westerlies get stronger, the temperature can become mild even in winter, above 10 °C (50 °F), but sometimes, there can be strong winds and even storm surges.
At other times, when a high pressure system moves over the country, a phenomenon quite rare but not impossible, the weather becomes cold and gray, and fog and low clouds can form.



Summer is pretty cool on the coast, with maximum temperatures reaching 21/22 °C (68/72 °F) in July and August. Cloudy and rainy days, brought by Atlantic fronts, can occur in Belgium even in this season.
In inland areas, the weather in summer is slightly warmer: in Brussels, the daily average in July is about 18.5 °C (65.5 °F), with highs about 23.5 °C (74 °F), but here too, hot days are rare. The rains are more frequent because of the higher chance of afternoon thunderstorms.
As we said, the temperatures in the Ardennes are slightly lower than in the plains. Afternoon thunderstorms are even more frequent.
Sometimes, Belgium can be reached by hot air masses, which can raise the temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F). These hot spells are becoming more frequent due to global warming. In July 2019, the temperature reached 37 °C (98.5 °F) in Spa, 39 °C (102 °F) in Ostend and 40 °C (104 °F) in Brussels.
Spring and autumn are cool and cloudy seasons. It can be still cold in March and in the first half of April, and sometimes even in early May, with highs around 10 °C (50 °F). Spring, however, is not as rainy as autumn, and it's the (relatively) driest season of the year. Autumn can be windy and gray, especially on the coast.

The cities

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Ostend

In Ostend, which is located on the coast, in the mildest and least rainy area, the average temperature ranges from 4 °C (39 °F) in January to 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) in July and August.

On average, just over 800 mm (31.5 in) of rain fall per year. The rainiest period is from October to December, the least rainy from February to April.

The sun in Belgium is rarely seen from November to February, but it does not shine very often even in summer, however, the coast is the sunniest area of the country. In Ostend, there are 1,840 hours of sunshine per year, and from April to August the average exceeds 7 hours a day.

Ostend - Sunshine hours

Month	Average	Total
January	2	65
February	3	85
March	4.5	145
April	7	205
May	7.5	230
June	7.5	230
July	7.5	240
August	7	225
September	5.5	170
October	4	120
November	2.5	70
December	1.5	55
Year	5	1840

Even in mid-summer (July-August), the sea in Belgium is cold: the water temperature is around 16 °C (61 °F) in July and 18 °C (64 °F).

Ostend - Sea temperature

Month	Celsius (°C)	Fahrenheit (°F)
January	7.5	46
February	7	44
March	7	45
April	8.5	47
May	11	52
June	13.5	57
July	16	61
August	18	64
September	17.5	63
October	15.5	60
November	12.5	54
December	9.5	49
Year	12	53.6

Brussels

In Brussels, the capital, the average temperature ranges from 3.5 °C (38 °F) in January to 18.5 °C (65.5 °F) in July and August.

Brussels - Average temperatures (1991-2020)

Month	Min (°C)	Max (°C)	Mean (°C)	Min (°F)	Max (°F)	Mean (°F)
January	1.2	6.3	3.7	34	43	38.7
February	1.3	7.2	4.2	34	45	39.6
March	3.1	10.8	7	38	51	44.5
April	5.2	14.8	10	41	59	50
May	8.4	18.4	13.4	47	65	56.2
June	11.3	21.3	16.3	52	70	61.4
July	13.4	23.5	18.5	56	74	65.3
August	13.3	23.3	18.3	56	74	65
September	10.7	19.8	15.2	51	68	59.4
October	7.7	15	11.4	46	59	52.4
November	4.4	10	7.2	40	50	45
December	1.8	6.7	4.3	35	44	39.7
Year	6.9	14.8	10.8	44.4	58.7	51.5

The rains are about the same as in Ostend, though they are distributed a little differently, in fact, they are more abundant in summer and less in autumn.

Brussels - Average precipitation

Month	Millimeters	Inches	Days
January	75	3	13
February	65	2.6	12
March	60	2.4	11
April	45	1.8	9
May	65	2.6	10
June	65	2.6	10
July	80	3.1	10
August	90	3.5	10
September	60	2.4	10
October	65	2.6	10
November	75	3	12
December	85	3.3	13
Year	825	32.5	131

In Brussels, the sun shines a little less than on the coast, for a total of 1,600 hours per year. However, from May to August, there are slightly more than 6 hours of sunshine per day on average.

Brussels - Sunshine hours

Month	Average	Total
January	2	60
February	2.5	75
March	4	125
April	5.5	170
May	6.5	200
June	6.5	200
July	6.5	205
August	6	190
September	5	155
October	3.5	115
November	2	65
December	1.5	50
Year	4.4	1605

Saint-Hubert

As mentioned, temperatures in the Ardennes are lower throughout the year. In Saint-Hubert, at 565 meters (1,855 ft) above sea level, the average temperature ranges from 0.5 °C (33 °F) in January to 16 °C (61 °F) in July and August.

Saint Hubert - Average temperatures (1991-2020)

Month	Min (°C)	Max (°C)	Mean (°C)	Min (°F)	Max (°F)	Mean (°F)
January	-1.7	2.9	0.6	29	37	33.1
February	-1.8	3.8	1	29	39	33.8
March	0.4	7.8	4.1	33	46	39.4
April	3	12	7.5	37	54	45.5
May	6.7	15.7	11.2	44	60	52.2
June	9.7	18.7	14.2	49	66	57.6
July	11.7	20.7	16.2	53	69	61.2
August	11.5	20.5	16	53	69	60.8
September	8.5	16.6	12.6	47	62	54.6
October	5.5	11.9	8.7	42	53	47.7
November	2	6.7	4.4	36	44	39.8
December	-0.7	3.6	1.5	31	38	34.6
Year	4.6	11.8	8.15	40.3	53.2	46.5

Precipitation is more abundant than in the plains, and in winter, it occurs quite often in the form of snow. In Saint-Hubert, it amounts to 1,100 mm (43 in) per year.

Saint Hubert - Average precipitation

Month	Millimeters	Inches	Days
January	106	4.2	15
February	89	3.5	13
March	85	3.4	14
April	65	2.5	10
May	82	3.2	12
June	84	3.3	11
July	90	3.5	12
August	102	4	12
September	82	3.2	11
October	88	3.5	13
November	96	3.8	15
December	124	4.9	17
Year	1090	42.9	154

When to go

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The best time to visit Belgium is from mid-May to mid-September: the temperatures are mild, the sky is often cloudy, but the percentage of sunshine is not so low. The mid-summer period (July-August) is relatively warm, but it's also the rainiest because of afternoon thunderstorms that can form especially in inland areas.
As regards to the other seasons, while it is true that weather extremes in Belgium are rare, late autumn (November) is dark and rainy, while in winter, it can sometimes be very cold or windy.

What to pack

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In winter: bring warm clothing, a sweater, a coat, a wind jacket, an umbrella, and possibly a warm hat and gloves for colder periods.
In summer: bring light clothes, but also some clothes for spring and autumn: a shirt, a jacket, a sweatshirt or sweater, and a raincoat or umbrella.

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See also the temperatures month by month