, with cold winters, during which the average temperature is close to freezing, and hot summers despite the altitude.
The city is located in Turkey, in the central-southern part of the Anatolian plateau, at almost 38 degrees north latitude and at 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) above sea level.
is not abundant, in fact it amounts to around 360 millimeters (14 inches) per year. The rainiest season is spring, the driest is summer.
, snowfalls are quite frequent. Furthermore, there may be cold waves of Russian origin, during which the temperature can drop to around -20 °C (-4 °F).
, it can get very hot at times, with highs of 35 °C (95 °F) or more. In August 2023 the temperature reached 41 °C (106 °F), and the average maximum was 34.4 °C (93.9 °F).
. Here are the average temperatures.
January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
0.3 °C, with a minimum of
-3.9 °C and a maximum of
4.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-13.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-21.2 °C in January 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
14 °C. However, it reached
20.8 °C in January 1994.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 34% of the time.
The average humidity is 80%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
10.6 kph.
February is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
1.8 °C, with a minimum of
-3.3 °C and a maximum of
6.9 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-12 °C. However, it dropped to
-24.3 °C in February 1991.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
16.5 °C. However, it reached
22.5 °C in February 1998.
Precipitation amounts to
25 mm, distributed over 6 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 46% of the time.
The average humidity is 73%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
12.3 kph.
March is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
6.4 °C, with a minimum of
0.2 °C and a maximum of
12.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-7 °C. However, it dropped to
-12.4 °C in March 2003.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
22 °C. However, it reached
28.6 °C in March 2001.
Precipitation amounts to
25 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 0 minutes.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 53% of the time.
The average humidity is 60%.
The average wind speed is of
13.8 kph.
April is generally a mild month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
11 °C, with a minimum of
4.4 °C and a maximum of
17.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-8.6 °C in April 1997.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
26 °C. However, it reached
31 °C in April 2008.
Precipitation amounts to
40 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 55% of the time.
The average humidity is 54%.
The average wind speed is of
13.1 kph.
May is generally a very mild month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
15.9 °C, with a minimum of
9 °C and a maximum of
22.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
3.5 °C. However, it dropped to
1 °C in May 1995.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
30 °C. However, it reached
37.4 °C in May 1995.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 10 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 8.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 61% of the time.
The average humidity is 51%.
The average wind speed is of
12.5 kph.
June is generally a warm month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
20.5 °C, with a minimum of
13.6 °C and a maximum of
27.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
8 °C. However, it dropped to
3.7 °C in June 2000.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
33.5 °C. However, it reached
37 °C in June 1996.
Precipitation amounts to
30 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 10.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 70% of the time.
The average humidity is 43%.
The average wind speed is of
14.8 kph.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm to hot month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
24 °C, with a minimum of
17.1 °C and a maximum of
31 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
12.5 °C. However, it dropped to
8.6 °C in July 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
36 °C. However, it reached
40 °C in July 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
25 mm, distributed over 3 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 30 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 11 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 77% of the time.
The average humidity is 35%. Hence, the air is normally dry.
The average wind speed is of
16.8 kph.
August is generally a warm to hot month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
24 °C, with a minimum of
17.2 °C and a maximum of
30.9 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
12 °C. However, it dropped to
8.4 °C in August 2009.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
35.5 °C. However, it reached
39 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to only
6.9 mm, distributed over 2 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 11 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 80% of the time.
The average humidity is 35%.
The average wind speed is of
16.2 kph.
September is generally a warm month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
19.5 °C, with a minimum of
12.3 °C and a maximum of
26.7 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
6 °C. However, it dropped to
-1.4 °C in September 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
32.5 °C. However, it reached
38 °C in September 2020.
Precipitation amounts to
25 mm, distributed over 4 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 78% of the time.
The average humidity is 40%.
The average wind speed is of
13.1 kph.
October is generally a mild month. However, there are remarkable differences between night and day. The average temperature is of
13.7 °C, with a minimum of
7 °C and a maximum of
20.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
0.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-7.6 °C in October 2003.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
27.5 °C. However, it reached
31.4 °C in October 1999.
Precipitation amounts to
30 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 7.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 68% of the time.
The average humidity is 54%.
The average wind speed is of
11.3 kph.
November is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of
6.8 °C, with a minimum of
0.8 °C and a maximum of
12.7 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-6 °C. However, it dropped to
-18 °C in November 1995.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
21.5 °C. However, it reached
27 °C in November 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 6 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 5 minutes.
There are on average 5.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 53% of the time.
The average humidity is 68%.
The average wind speed is of
9.7 kph.
December is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
2 °C, with a minimum of
-2.2 °C and a maximum of
6.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-10.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-22.4 °C in December 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
15.5 °C. However, it reached
20.4 °C in December 1999.
Precipitation amounts to
50 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 35 minutes. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 34% of the time.
The average humidity is 80%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
10 kph.