Climate in Cologne (Germany)

In Cologne, a city located in Western Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, at nearly 51 degrees north latitude, on the banks of the River Rhine, the climate is sub-oceanic. Winters are cold but not freezing, while summers are mild or pleasantly warm.
The Atlantic Ocean influences the climate, bringing clouds and rain for much of the year, and cold, unstable air from the North Sea. However, there can also be mild periods in winter, and warm to hot periods from late April to early October, because of air masses coming from the subtropical latitudes of the ocean.
The wind blows quite frequently, and can be intense, especially from November to March.
Cologne is the largest city of the metropolitan region called Rhine-Ruhr, which includes, in addition to those of the Ruhr, cities such as Düsseldorf, Wuppertal, Leverkusen, Mönchengladbach, and Bonn.
At Cologne-Bonn Airport, the average temperature ranges from 3 °C (37.5 °F) in January to 19 °C (66 °F) in July.
Precipitation is relatively abundant, about 800 millimeters (31.5 inches) per year, but above all, it is frequent and well distributed over the seasons. However, the rainiest season (at least in quantity) is summer, and the least rainy season is spring. Rainfall often occurs in the form of short shower or drizzle, whereas during the summer, thunderstorms can break out in the afternoon.



Winter, from December to February, is cold: daytime temperatures are on average a few degrees above freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), while they are around freezing at night. Wind and humidity often exacerbate the feeling of cold.
However, different weather situations can occur.
When the westerlies blow, the temperature can be quite mild, and can reach 10/12 °C (50/54 °F).
On the other hand, when the city is reached by cold air masses from Eastern Europe, the temperature drops below freezing, for longer or shorter periods, even during the day. The temperature rarely drops below -15 °C (5 °F), however, it can do it during very cold periods, which used to be more frequent in the past decades. The coldest record is -25 °C (-13 °F) and was set in January 1942.
Snowfalls in Cologne are quite frequent, though usually not abundant, and occur in the form of light snow, sometimes, however, snow can accumulate on the ground, and last for many days, if it occurs during cold waves.

Spring, from March to May, is an unstable season.
On the one hand, northwesterly currents can bring cold periods, so much so that in March, and sometimes until mid-April, it can still snow. In addition, some cold days, with highs around 10 °C (50 °F), can still occur in May, especially in the first half of the month.
On the other hand, southwesterly currents can bring very mild or quite warm periods, with highs above 20 °C (68 °F) in April and above 25 °C (77 °F) in May.

Summer, from June to August, is mild or pleasantly warm. The flow of Atlantic fronts does not cease even in this season. The wind blows quite often from the North Sea, which is not far, and even rainfall is quite frequent.
However, there are pleasant periods, with daytime temperatures between 20 °C and 25 °C (68 °F and 77 °F), but also cooler periods, with daytime temperatures remaining below 20 °C (68 °F). At night, it can be a bit cold, in fact, the temperature can drop below 10 °C (50 °F) even in July and August.
Sometimes there may be very hot periods, usually of short duration, which are becoming more frequent due to global warming. The highest record is 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) and was set in July 2019. In August 2020, the maximum temperature fluctuated between 31 and 37 °C (88 and 99 °F) for nine consecutive days. In August 2022, the average maximum was 28.5 °C (83.3 °F).

Autumn, from September to November, is initially pleasant in September, and sometimes also in early October (although there is no shortage of rainfall), then it gradually becomes more cold, dull, wet and windy. The first night frosts usually occur in November, but sometimes also in October.

Cologne does not get a lot of sun, especially from November to February, when the sun rarely shines. It goes a bit better from May to August, when the weather is variable, and between one disturbance and another, the sun can come out.

Best Time

The best time to visit Cologne runs from mid-May to mid-September, since it is the mildest of the year. July and August are the warmest months. However, it's better to bring a sweatshirt or sweater, a light jacket and an umbrella, for cool and rainy days.

Cologne - Climate data

In Cologne, the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is of 3 °C (37.3 °F), that of the warmest month (July) is of 19.1 °C (66.4 °F). Here are the average temperatures.
Precipitation amounts to 800 millimeters (31.5 inches) per year: so, it is at an intermediate level. It ranges from 50 mm (2 in) in the driest month (April) to 85 mm (3.3 in) in the wettest ones (June, July, August) Here is the average precipitation.
There are on average around 1595 sunshine hours per year. Here are the average hours of sunshine per day.

Cologne - Weather by month

Based on the period 1991-2020

---

January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of 3 °C (37 °F), with a minimum of 0 °C (32 °F) and a maximum of 5.9 °C (42.6 °F).
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -9 °C (15.5 °F). However, it dropped to -19.2 °C (-2.6 °F) in January 2009.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 13 °C (55.5 °F). However, it reached 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) in January 1999.
Precipitation amounts to 60 mm (2.4 in), distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 30 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 21% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 14 kph (9 mph).

---

February is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of 3.6 °C (39 °F), with a minimum of 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) and a maximum of 7.2 °C (45 °F).
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -8 °C (17.5 °F). However, it dropped to -17.6 °C (0.3 °F) in February 2012.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 14.5 °C (58 °F). However, it reached 21 °C (69.8 °F) in February 2019.
Precipitation amounts to 55 mm (2.2 in), distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 5 minutes.
There are on average 3 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 28% of the time.
The average humidity is 77%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 13 kph (8 mph).

---

March is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of 6.7 °C (44 °F), with a minimum of 2 °C (35.6 °F) and a maximum of 11.4 °C (52.5 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -5.5 °C (22.5 °F). However, it dropped to -12.5 °C (9.5 °F) in March 2013.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 19.5 °C (67.5 °F). However, it reached 25 °C (77 °F) in March 1998.
Precipitation amounts to 55 mm (2.2 in), distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 0 minutes.
There are on average 4 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 34% of the time.
The average humidity is 70%.
The average wind speed is 14 kph (9 mph).

---

April is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of 10.3 °C (51 °F), with a minimum of 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) and a maximum of 16.1 °C (61 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -3 °C (26.5 °F). However, it dropped to -7.5 °C (18.5 °F) in April 2013.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 24.5 °C (76.5 °F). However, it reached 29 °C (84.2 °F) in April 2007.
Precipitation amounts to 50 mm (2 in), distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 6 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 41% of the time.
The average humidity is 64%.
The average wind speed is 12 kph (7 mph).

---

May is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of 13.9 °C (57 °F), with a minimum of 8.1 °C (46.6 °F) and a maximum of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually drops to around 1 °C (33.5 °F). However, it dropped to -1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in May 2019.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 28 °C (82.5 °F). However, it reached 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) in May 2017.
Precipitation amounts to 60 mm (2.4 in), distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 35 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 41% of the time.
The average humidity is 65%.
The average wind speed is 11 kph (7 mph).

---

June is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of 17 °C (63 °F), with a minimum of 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) and a maximum of 22.7 °C (72.9 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually drops to around 5 °C (41.5 °F). However, it dropped to 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) in June 1991.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 31.5 °C (89 °F). However, it reached 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) in June 2002.
Precipitation amounts to 85 mm (3.3 in), distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 30 minutes. So the days are long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 41% of the time.
The average humidity is 68%.
The average wind speed is 11 kph (7 mph).

---

July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of 19.1 °C (66 °F), with a minimum of 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) and a maximum of 24.9 °C (76.8 °F).
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around 7.5 °C (46 °F). However, it dropped to 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) in July 2019.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 33 °C (91.5 °F). However, it reached 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) in July 2019.
Precipitation amounts to 85 mm (3.3 in), distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 0 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 42% of the time.
The average humidity is 67%.
The average wind speed is 10 kph (6 mph).

---

August is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of 18.6 °C (66 °F), with a minimum of 12.8 °C (55 °F) and a maximum of 24.5 °C (76.1 °F).
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around 7 °C (44.5 °F). However, it dropped to 1.9 °C (35.4 °F) in August 1993.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 32.5 °C (91 °F). However, it reached 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) in August 2003.
Precipitation amounts to 85 mm (3.3 in), distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 25 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 44% of the time.
The average humidity is 69%.
The average wind speed is 10 kph (6 mph).

---

September is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of 15 °C (59 °F), with a minimum of 9.7 °C (49.5 °F) and a maximum of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually drops to around 3.5 °C (38.5 °F). However, it dropped to -0.3 °C (31.5 °F) in September 2018.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 27.5 °C (81 °F). However, it reached 33.6 °C (92.5 °F) in September 2018.
Precipitation amounts to 65 mm (2.6 in), distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 40% of the time.
The average humidity is 75%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 10 kph (6 mph).

---

October is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of 11 °C (52 °F), with a minimum of 6.8 °C (44.2 °F) and a maximum of 15.2 °C (59.4 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -1 °C (30.5 °F). However, it dropped to -6 °C (21.2 °F) in October 1997.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 22.5 °C (72 °F). However, it reached 26.7 °C (80.1 °F) in October 2018.
Precipitation amounts to 65 mm (2.6 in), distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 32% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 11 kph (7 mph).

---

November is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of 6.6 °C (44 °F), with a minimum of 3.5 °C (38.3 °F) and a maximum of 9.8 °C (49.6 °F).
On the coldest nights, which normally occur at the end of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -4 °C (25 °F). However, it dropped to -9.6 °C (14.7 °F) in November 1998.
On the warmest days, which normally occur at the beginning of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 17 °C (62 °F). However, it reached 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) in November 2020.
Precipitation amounts to 65 mm (2.6 in), distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 22% of the time.
The average humidity is 83%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 13 kph (8 mph).

---

December is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of 3.8 °C (39 °F), with a minimum of 1 °C (33.8 °F) and a maximum of 6.5 °C (43.7 °F).
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around -7 °C (19 °F). However, it dropped to -16 °C (3.2 °F) in December 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around 13 °C (55.5 °F). However, it reached 16.6 °C (61.9 °F) in December 2006.
Precipitation amounts to 70 mm (2.8 in), distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 0 minutes. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 1.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 18% of the time.
The average humidity is 83%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is 13 kph (8 mph).