(according to the Köppen classification, humid continental climate with warm summers - Dfb), with very cold winters and relatively warm summers.
Vologda is a city of 310,000 inhabitants, the capital of the Vologda oblast', located in European Russia, on the banks of the Northern Dvina, at 59 degrees north latitude and about 400 km (250 mi) north-northeast of Moscow.
is not abundant, amounting to about 550 millimeters (21.5 inches) per year. As often happens in cold climates, the rainiest season is summer.
Precipitation generally occurs in the form of snow mainly or exclusively from November to March, while in October and April it alternates with rain. On occasion, however, it can even snow in September and May. Instead, in summer, precipitation can occur in the form of thunderstorms.
, from November to March, is very cold: the average temperature in January is about -12.5 °C (9.5 °F). The sky is often cloudy, and light snow often falls.
, the temperature drops below -30 °C (-22 °F) almost every year. It has also dropped below -40 °C (-40 °F) on occasion, although in the last twenty years this has only happened in January 2017, with -40.4 °C (-40.7 °F).
The coldest month was January 1987, with a daily average of -24.5 °C (-12.1 °F). That month, the minimum was -46.5 °C (-51.7 °F), thus almost breaking the record.
, from June to August, is very mild to pleasantly warm, with fairly frequent rain and thunderstorms.
While it is true that June can still get cold, and in August the temperature already begins to drop,
, with an average of 18 °C (64.5 °F), stands out as the mildest month, and with a greater probability of warm days. However, it depends on the year, in fact sometimes it can get very cool even in July.
, during which the temperature can reach or exceed 30 °C (86 °F). The record is 38.6 °C (101.5 °F), set in August 1972, but this was an exceptional value (or perhaps dubious), given that otherwise the temperature exceeded 35 °C (95 °F) only once, in August 2010, when it reached 36.4 °C (97.5 °F).
The 2010 summer was remarkably hot, so much so that the average maximum in July was 29.6 °C (85.3 °F).
. Here are the average temperatures.
January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-10.5 °C, with a minimum of
-13.9 °C and a maximum of
-7.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-31 °C. However, it dropped to
-40.4 °C in January 2017.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
1.5 °C. However, it reached
5.3 °C in January 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
34.7 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 0 minutes. So the days are short.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 13% of the time.
The average humidity is 85%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.6 kph.
February is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-9.4 °C, with a minimum of
-13.2 °C and a maximum of
-5.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-29 °C. However, it dropped to
-38 °C in February 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
2 °C. However, it reached
5.2 °C in February 1998.
Precipitation amounts to
28.2 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 20 minutes.
There are on average 2.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 24% of the time.
The average humidity is 81%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.9 kph.
March is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-3.8 °C, with a minimum of
-8.2 °C and a maximum of
0.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-21 °C. However, it dropped to
-33.6 °C in March 2013.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
7.5 °C. However, it reached
16.4 °C in March 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
26.1 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 36% of the time.
The average humidity is 74%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.9 kph.
April is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
4.2 °C, with a minimum of
-0.9 °C and a maximum of
9.2 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-10 °C. However, it dropped to
-19.9 °C in April 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
20 °C. However, it reached
26.8 °C in April 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
29 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 44% of the time.
The average humidity is 65%.
The average wind speed is of
11.5 kph.
May is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
11.1 °C, with a minimum of
5.1 °C and a maximum of
17.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-3 °C. However, it dropped to
-7 °C in May 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
25.5 °C. However, it reached
30.6 °C in May 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
44.7 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 0 minutes. So the days are very long.
There are on average 8.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 51% of the time.
The average humidity is 61%.
The average wind speed is of
11.9 kph.
June is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
15.3 °C, with a minimum of
9.5 °C and a maximum of
21 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
2 °C. However, it dropped to
-1.1 °C in June 2007.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28 °C. However, it reached
33.1 °C in June 1998.
Precipitation amounts to
64.6 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 18 hours and 25 minutes. So the days are very long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 51% of the time.
The average humidity is 67%.
The average wind speed is of
10.4 kph.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
17.9 °C, with a minimum of
12.1 °C and a maximum of
23.7 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
6 °C. However, it dropped to
2.2 °C in July 2015.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
29.5 °C. However, it reached
33.5 °C in July 1996.
Precipitation amounts to
67.2 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are very long.
There are on average 9 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 52% of the time.
The average humidity is 71%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
9.4 kph.
August is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
15.5 °C, with a minimum of
10.1 °C and a maximum of
20.9 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
3 °C. However, it dropped to
0.4 °C in August 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28 °C. However, it reached
36.4 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
70.5 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 25 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 45% of the time.
The average humidity is 76%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
9.6 kph.
September is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
10.3 °C, with a minimum of
6 °C and a maximum of
14.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-8.6 °C in September 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
22.5 °C. However, it reached
28.4 °C in September 1992.
Precipitation amounts to
54.1 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 4 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 33% of the time.
The average humidity is 81%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
10.3 kph.
October is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
3.6 °C, with a minimum of
0.8 °C and a maximum of
6.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-8.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-20 °C in October 2014.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
15 °C. However, it reached
22.8 °C in October 1999.
Precipitation amounts to
51.3 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 5 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 19% of the time.
The average humidity is 84%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.4 kph.
November is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-3.3 °C, with a minimum of
-5.6 °C and a maximum of
-1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-19 °C. However, it dropped to
-34.1 °C in November 2010.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
6.5 °C. However, it reached
13.5 °C in November 2013.
Precipitation amounts to
44.7 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are short.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 12% of the time.
The average humidity is 87%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.6 kph.
December is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-7.6 °C, with a minimum of
-10.4 °C and a maximum of
-4.7 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-26 °C. However, it dropped to
-39.6 °C in December 1997.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
2.5 °C. However, it reached
8.5 °C in December 2006.
Precipitation amounts to
38 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 6 hours and 20 minutes. So the days are short. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 0.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 7% of the time.
The average humidity is 86%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.8 kph.