Vologda is a city of 310,000 inhabitants, the capital of the Vologda oblast', located in European Russia, on the banks of the Northern Dvina, at 59 degrees north latitude and about 400 km (250 mi) north-northeast of Moscow.
is not abundant, amounting to about 550 millimeters (21.5 inches) per year. As often happens in cold climates, the rainiest season is summer.
Precipitation generally occurs in the form of snow mainly or exclusively from November to March, while in October and April it alternates with rain. On occasion, however, it can even snow in September and May. Instead, in summer, precipitation can occur in the form of thunderstorms.
, from November to March, is very cold: the average temperature in January is about -12.5 °C (9.5 °F). The sky is often cloudy, and light snow often falls.
, the temperature drops below -30 °C (-22 °F) almost every year. It has also dropped below -40 °C (-40 °F) on occasion, although in the last twenty years this has only happened in January 2017, with -40.4 °C (-40.7 °F).
The coldest month was January 1987, with a daily average of -24.5 °C (-12.1 °F). That month, the minimum was -46.5 °C (-51.7 °F), thus almost breaking the record.
, from June to August, is very mild to pleasantly warm, with fairly frequent rain and thunderstorms.
While it is true that June can still get cold, and in August the temperature already begins to drop,
, with an average of 18 °C (64.5 °F), stands out as the mildest month, and with a greater probability of warm days. However, it depends on the year, in fact sometimes it can get very cool even in July.
, during which the temperature can reach or exceed 30 °C (86 °F). The hottest record is 38.6 °C (101.5 °F), set in August 1972, but this was an exceptional value (or perhaps dubious), given that otherwise the temperature exceeded 35 °C (95 °F) only once, in August 2010, when it reached 36.4 °C (97.5 °F).
The 2010 summer was remarkably hot, so much so that the average maximum in July was 29.6 °C (85.3 °F).
. Here are the average temperatures.
January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-5.6 °C, with a minimum of
-8.1 °C and a maximum of
-3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-19 °C. However, it dropped to
-29.4 °C in January 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
4 °C. However, it reached
12.3 °C in January 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
36.8 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 24% of the time.
The average humidity is 88%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
19.4 kph.
February is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-5.5 °C, with a minimum of
-8.6 °C and a maximum of
-2.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-20 °C. However, it dropped to
-30.2 °C in February 1994.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
5 °C. However, it reached
12.8 °C in February 2002.
Precipitation amounts to
31.7 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 34% of the time.
The average humidity is 86%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
20.2 kph.
March is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
1 °C, with a minimum of
-2.6 °C and a maximum of
4.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-11.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-19.5 °C in March 2011.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
14.5 °C. However, it reached
20.5 °C in March 1995.
Precipitation amounts to
33.4 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 37% of the time.
The average humidity is 78%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
20.5 kph.
April is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
10.8 °C, with a minimum of
5.8 °C and a maximum of
15.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-6.4 °C in April 2004.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
24 °C. However, it reached
29.2 °C in April 2012.
Precipitation amounts to
27.5 mm, distributed over 4 days.
The day lasts on average 13 hours and 40 minutes.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 50% of the time.
The average humidity is 60%.
The average wind speed is of
18.8 kph.
May is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
17.4 °C, with a minimum of
12.1 °C and a maximum of
22.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
4.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-0.9 °C in May 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
30 °C. However, it reached
37.2 °C in May 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
37.5 mm, distributed over 6 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 20 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 61% of the time.
The average humidity is 55%.
The average wind speed is of
16.8 kph.
June is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
22.4 °C, with a minimum of
17 °C and a maximum of
27.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
10.5 °C. However, it dropped to
6 °C in June 2003.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
34.5 °C. However, it reached
39.4 °C in June 2012.
Precipitation amounts to
36.9 mm, distributed over 6 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 5 minutes. So the days are long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 10.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 64% of the time.
The average humidity is 50%.
The average wind speed is of
15.5 kph.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm to hot month. The average temperature is of
25 °C, with a minimum of
19.4 °C and a maximum of
30.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
14 °C. However, it dropped to
8.2 °C in July 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
36 °C. However, it reached
40.2 °C in July 2011.
Precipitation amounts to
25.8 mm, distributed over 4 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 10.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 68% of the time.
The average humidity is 48%.
The average wind speed is of
14.8 kph.
August is generally a warm to hot month. The average temperature is of
23.9 °C, with a minimum of
18.2 °C and a maximum of
29.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
11.5 °C. However, it dropped to
7.6 °C in August 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
36 °C. However, it reached
40.8 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
21.9 mm, distributed over 3 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 20 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 68% of the time.
The average humidity is 45%.
The average wind speed is of
14.9 kph.
September is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
17 °C, with a minimum of
11.9 °C and a maximum of
22.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
5 °C. However, it dropped to
-1 °C in September 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
31 °C. However, it reached
37.8 °C in September 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
36.4 mm, distributed over 5 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 7.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 61% of the time.
The average humidity is 56%.
The average wind speed is of
16 kph.
October is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
9.8 °C, with a minimum of
5.7 °C and a maximum of
13.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-2.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-6.4 °C in October 1993.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
23 °C. However, it reached
31 °C in October 1999.
Precipitation amounts to
35.2 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 46% of the time.
The average humidity is 71%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
16.6 kph.
November is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
1.6 °C, with a minimum of
-1.2 °C and a maximum of
4.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-10 °C. However, it dropped to
-21.5 °C in November 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
13.5 °C. However, it reached
18.5 °C in November 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
29.5 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 23% of the time.
The average humidity is 84%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17.8 kph.
December is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-4.1 °C, with a minimum of
-6.6 °C and a maximum of
-1.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-17 °C. However, it dropped to
-27.7 °C in December 1997.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
6.5 °C. However, it reached
11.8 °C in December 2012.
Precipitation amounts to
44.9 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 20 minutes. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 1.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 16% of the time.
The average humidity is 89%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
19.3 kph.