, with cold winters, during which the temperature is normally below freezing, and very mild to pleasantly warm summers.
Perm, formerly Molotov, is a city of 1,000,000 inhabitants located in eastern European Russia, on the banks of the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), at 58 degrees north latitude and 1,155 km (715 mi) east-northeast of Moscow.
mountains, which separate European Russia from the Asian part, called Siberia. The mountains are not high, especially in this central part, where they are irregular and reach a maximum of 1,119 meters (3,671 ft) in Mount Oslyanka, which is located about 180 km (110 mi) northeast of Perm. On this mountain, the tree line, above which the summit becomes subarctic, is about 800 meters (2,600 ft) above sea level.
is not very abundant, amounting to about 675 millimeters (26.5 inches) per year. The driest period is from February to April, while summer is the rainiest season. Precipitation generally occurs in the form of snow, predominantly or exclusively, from November to March, while in October and April it alternates with rain. Instead, in late spring and summer, it can occur in the form of thunderstorms.
, from November to March, is very cold: the average temperature in January is about -12.5 °C (9.5 °F). The sky is often cloudy, and light snow often falls. The ground is normally snow-covered from November to early April. In February and March the snow is an average of 60 cm (23.5 in) deep.
, the temperature can drop below -30 °C (-22 °F). It has sometimes dropped below -40 °C (-40 °F), although the last time this happened was in December 2009, with -41.4 °C (-42.5 °F).
The coldest record is -47.1 °C (-52.8 °F), set on December 31, 1978, while the following day, January 1, 1979, it dropped to -44.9 °C (-48.8 °F), also beating the record for the month of January. Previously, it had dropped to -44.7 °C (-48.5 °F) in January 1940 (the year of Moscow's record with -42 °C or -43.5 °F) and to -44.1 (-47.4 °F) in January 1969.
The latter was the coldest month, in fact the monthly daily average was -25.5 °C (-13.9 °F).
, from June to August, is very mild or pleasantly warm. However, due to the high latitude, it is not a constant season, and sometimes it can get cold even in this period, especially in June and the second half of August. In addition, rains and thunderstorms are quite frequent.
, shorter than in central-southern Russia, during which the temperature can reach and exceed 35 °C (95 °F), and which can be interrupted by strong thunderstorms and gusts of wind. The hottest record is 37.5 °C (99.5 °F), set in July 2023.
. Here are the average temperatures.
January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-12.6 °C, with a minimum of
-15.9 °C and a maximum of
-9.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-30 °C. However, it dropped to
-39.3 °C in January 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
-0.5 °C. However, it reached
4.3 °C in January 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
43.5 mm, distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 20 minutes. So the days are short.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 17% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14.8 kph.
February is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-11.8 °C, with a minimum of
-15.6 °C and a maximum of
-8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-29 °C. However, it dropped to
-36.4 °C in February 2010.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
-0.5 °C. However, it reached
4.5 °C in February 2004.
Precipitation amounts to
30.3 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 3 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 30% of the time.
The average humidity is 80%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14.4 kph.
March is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-4.2 °C, with a minimum of
-8.2 °C and a maximum of
-0.2 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-19 °C. However, it dropped to
-31.6 °C in March 2013.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
8 °C. However, it reached
15 °C in March 2008.
Precipitation amounts to
32 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 41% of the time.
The average humidity is 74%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
15.9 kph.
April is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
4.4 °C, with a minimum of
-0.5 °C and a maximum of
9.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-9.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-20.9 °C in April 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
19.5 °C. However, it reached
26.5 °C in April 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
34.9 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 6.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 46% of the time.
The average humidity is 64%.
The average wind speed is of
14.9 kph.
May is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
11.7 °C, with a minimum of
5.9 °C and a maximum of
17.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-3 °C. However, it dropped to
-5.8 °C in May 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
27.5 °C. However, it reached
31.4 °C in May 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
58.7 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 50 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 9 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 53% of the time.
The average humidity is 57%.
The average wind speed is of
14.3 kph.
June is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
16.7 °C, with a minimum of
11.1 °C and a maximum of
22.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
3 °C. However, it dropped to
-1.3 °C in June 2007.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
30.5 °C. However, it reached
34.4 °C in June 2013.
Precipitation amounts to
88.1 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 18 hours and 5 minutes. So the days are very long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 53% of the time.
The average humidity is 67%.
The average wind speed is of
13 kph.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
18.8 °C, with a minimum of
13.3 °C and a maximum of
24.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
6.5 °C. However, it dropped to
1.7 °C in July 1997.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
31 °C. However, it reached
35 °C in July 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
72.5 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 25 minutes. So the days are very long.
There are on average 9 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 53% of the time.
The average humidity is 71%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11 kph.
August is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
15.7 °C, with a minimum of
11 °C and a maximum of
20.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
4 °C. However, it dropped to
-0.8 °C in August 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
29 °C. However, it reached
36.7 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
80.3 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 10 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 7.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 48% of the time.
The average humidity is 76%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
11.9 kph.
September is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
10.4 °C, with a minimum of
6.5 °C and a maximum of
14.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-5.6 °C in September 2000.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
24 °C. However, it reached
29.8 °C in September 1995.
Precipitation amounts to
67.8 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 34% of the time.
The average humidity is 80%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
13.2 kph.
October is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
3.8 °C, with a minimum of
1 °C and a maximum of
6.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-7.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-13.4 °C in October 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
16 °C. However, it reached
22.3 °C in October 1991.
Precipitation amounts to
61.5 mm, distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 21% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
15.1 kph.
November is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-5.1 °C, with a minimum of
-7.6 °C and a maximum of
-2.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-20.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-28.1 °C in November 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
5.5 °C. However, it reached
11.9 °C in November 2006.
Precipitation amounts to
58.7 mm, distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 55 minutes. So the days are short.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 16% of the time.
The average humidity is 85%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14.9 kph.
December is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-11.1 °C, with a minimum of
-14.1 °C and a maximum of
-8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-28 °C. However, it dropped to
-41.4 °C in December 2009.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
1 °C. However, it reached
3.7 °C in December 2008.
Precipitation amounts to
47.4 mm, distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 6 hours and 35 minutes. So the days are short. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 0.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 11% of the time.
The average humidity is 84%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14.8 kph.