, with cold winters, during which the temperature is normally below freezing, and warm summers.
Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, is a city of 1,200,000 inhabitants located in European Russia, almost 56 degrees north latitude and 710 km (440 mi) east of Moscow. Near the city, the Kazanka River enters the
, the largest river in Europe, which rises northwest of Moscow and flows into the Caspian Sea.
To the northwest of the city is the small Mari Republic (Mari El), within which is the Marij Chodra National Park. To the west, instead, we find Chuvashia.
Even though it is located at the same latitude as Moscow, Kazan's climate is more continental, as it is located further from the Atlantic Ocean and closer to Siberia.
is not abundant, since it amounts to about 565 millimeters (22 inches) per year. The least rainy period is from February to May, while summer is the rainiest season. Precipitation usually occurs in the form of snow from November to March, but sometimes also in October and April. On the other hand, in late spring and summer, it can occur in the form of thunderstorms.
, from November to March, is very cold: the average temperature in January and February is around -10 °C (14 °F). The sky is often cloudy, and light snow often falls. The ground is normally covered in snow from mid-November onwards.
, the temperature can drop below -30 °C (-22 °F), although this has occurred less frequently in recent years. Occasionally it has also dropped below -40 °C (-40 °F). The coldest record is -46.8 °C (-52.2 °F), set in January 1942. In addition, the temperature dropped to -41.7 °C (-43.1 °F) in December 1958, and to -45.3 °C (-49.5 °F) on January 1, 1979 (it had dropped to -43.9 °C (-47 °F) the day before, December 31, 1978). In the 1980s, it dropped to a maximum of -35.5 °C (-31.9 °F) in January 1987. After 2000, it dropped to -35.4 °C (-31.7 °F) in December 2002.
In the mild winter of 2020, for the first time the temperature never dropped below -20 °C (-4 °F), but it reached a maximum of -18.5 °C (-1.3 °F) in February. In addition, the daily average in January was -3.1 °C (26.4 °F).
, from June to August, is quite warm and sunny, although rains and thunderstorms are quite frequent.
, during which the temperature can reach and exceed 35 °C (95 °F), and which can be interrupted by strong thunderstorms and gusts of wind. During the exceptional summer of 2010, the temperature reached 38.9 °C (102 °F) in July, a month when the average maximum was 32.2 °C (90 °F), and 39 °C (102.2 °F) in August.
. Here are the average temperatures.
January, the coldest month of the year, is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-10 °C, with a minimum of
-12.8 °C and a maximum of
-7.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-25.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-32.7 °C in January 2006.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
1 °C. However, it reached
4.5 °C in January 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
45.7 mm, distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are short.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 15% of the time.
The average humidity is 85%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17.6 kph.
February is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-9.5 °C, with a minimum of
-12.7 °C and a maximum of
-6.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-24 °C. However, it dropped to
-34.4 °C in February 1994.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
1.5 °C. However, it reached
5.6 °C in February 2020.
Precipitation amounts to
36.6 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 2.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 27% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17.3 kph.
March is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-3.1 °C, with a minimum of
-6.5 °C and a maximum of
0.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-16 °C. However, it dropped to
-24.1 °C in March 2011.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
7 °C. However, it reached
15 °C in March 2020.
Precipitation amounts to
37.8 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 39% of the time.
The average humidity is 79%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
16.9 kph.
April is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
6.3 °C, with a minimum of
2 °C and a maximum of
10.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-5.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-15.1 °C in April 2005.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
21 °C. However, it reached
26.9 °C in April 1995.
Precipitation amounts to
33.3 mm, distributed over 6 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 10 minutes.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 50% of the time.
The average humidity is 67%.
The average wind speed is of
16.2 kph.
May is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
14.4 °C, with a minimum of
9.1 °C and a maximum of
19.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-3 °C in May 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
28.5 °C. However, it reached
33.8 °C in May 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
37.6 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 20 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 57% of the time.
The average humidity is 56%.
The average wind speed is of
16 kph.
June is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
18.6 °C, with a minimum of
13.5 °C and a maximum of
23.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
6 °C. However, it dropped to
1.2 °C in June 2018.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
30.5 °C. However, it reached
36.1 °C in June 1998.
Precipitation amounts to
56.7 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 30 minutes. So the days are very long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 10.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 59% of the time.
The average humidity is 63%.
The average wind speed is of
13.9 kph.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
20.8 °C, with a minimum of
15.8 °C and a maximum of
25.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
10 °C. However, it dropped to
6 °C in July 1992.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
32.5 °C. However, it reached
38.9 °C in July 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
62.6 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 16 hours and 55 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 10 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 60% of the time.
The average humidity is 65%.
The average wind speed is of
12.8 kph.
August is generally a warm month. The average temperature is of
18.7 °C, with a minimum of
13.9 °C and a maximum of
23.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
7.5 °C. However, it dropped to
4.3 °C in August 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
31.5 °C. However, it reached
39 °C in August 2010.
Precipitation amounts to
54.1 mm, distributed over 8 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 0 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 8 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 54% of the time.
The average humidity is 66%.
The average wind speed is of
13.7 kph.
September is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
12.8 °C, with a minimum of
8.8 °C and a maximum of
16.9 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
2 °C. However, it dropped to
-4.1 °C in September 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
26 °C. However, it reached
32 °C in September 1995.
Precipitation amounts to
49.8 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 40 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 41% of the time.
The average humidity is 73%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14.4 kph.
October is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
5.6 °C, with a minimum of
2.7 °C and a maximum of
8.6 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-5 °C. However, it dropped to
-9.6 °C in October 1993.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
17 °C. However, it reached
23.4 °C in October 1991.
Precipitation amounts to
53.9 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 25 minutes.
There are on average 2.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 24% of the time.
The average humidity is 79%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
16.5 kph.
November is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-2.4 °C, with a minimum of
-4.5 °C and a maximum of
-0.3 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-14.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-24.3 °C in November 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
7.5 °C. However, it reached
15 °C in November 2019.
Precipitation amounts to
45.2 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 8 hours and 20 minutes.
There are on average 1 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 13% of the time.
The average humidity is 86%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
16.6 kph.
December is generally a freezing cold month. The average temperature is of
-8 °C, with a minimum of
-10.5 °C and a maximum of
-5.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-22 °C. However, it dropped to
-35.4 °C in December 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
2.5 °C. However, it reached
6.1 °C in December 2008.
Precipitation amounts to
50.3 mm, distributed over 11 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 5 minutes. So the days are short. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 0.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 10% of the time.
The average humidity is 86%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
16.9 kph.