, with cold winters, during which the average temperature is a few degrees below freezing, and mild to pleasantly warm summers.
The city is the capital of Estonia and is located in the north of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland.
The presence of the sea slightly mitigates the climate compared to inland areas of Estonia, although it must be said that in winter, the Gulf of Finland can freeze.
In winter, snowfalls are quite frequent, though generally not abundant.
Cold spells from Russia, which were once more frequent, can be intense. The cold record is -32 °C (-25.5 °F), recorded in December 1978.
In summer, there can be hot days, with temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F). The highest record is 34.3 °C (93.7 °F) and was set in July 1994.
Given the latitude (59°26'N), the white nights, in which the sun sets but it does not get completely dark even at midnight, occur from May 14 to July 29.
. Here are the average temperatures.
January is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-3.1 °C, with a minimum of
-5.5 °C and a maximum of
-0.7 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-17 °C. However, it dropped to
-29.4 °C in January 2003.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
5 °C. However, it reached
9.2 °C in January 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
55 mm, distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 0 minutes. So the days are short.
There is an average of 1 hour of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 12% of the time.
The average humidity is 87%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
1.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
February, the coldest month of the year, is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-3.6 °C, with a minimum of
-6.2 °C and a maximum of
-1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-16.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-27.3 °C in February 2012.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
5 °C. However, it reached
8.7 °C in February 2019.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 9 hours and 20 minutes.
There are on average 2 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 21% of the time.
The average humidity is 85%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
0.7 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
March is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-0.5 °C, with a minimum of
-3.7 °C and a maximum of
2.8 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-12.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-21.2 °C in March 2013.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
10 °C. However, it reached
15.9 °C in March 2007.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 11 hours and 55 minutes.
There are on average 4 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 35% of the time.
The average humidity is 82%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
0.8 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
April is generally a quite cold month. The average temperature is of
5.1 °C, with a minimum of
0.7 °C and a maximum of
9.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-5.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-12 °C in April 1998.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
19.5 °C. However, it reached
27.2 °C in April 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
35 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 14 hours and 35 minutes.
There are on average 7 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 46% of the time.
The average humidity is 76%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
2.2 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
May is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
10.3 °C, with a minimum of
5.2 °C and a maximum of
15.4 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-1.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-5 °C in May 1999.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
24.5 °C. However, it reached
31.4 °C in May 2014.
Precipitation amounts to
40 mm, distributed over 7 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 5 minutes. So the days are very long.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 55% of the time.
The average humidity is 70%.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
5.5 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
June is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
14.5 °C, with a minimum of
9.8 °C and a maximum of
19.2 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
4 °C. However, it dropped to
0 °C in June 2009.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
26 °C. However, it reached
31.1 °C in June 2019.
Precipitation amounts to
65 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 18 hours and 30 minutes. So the days are very long. June 21, the summer solstice, is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 9.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 51% of the time.
The average humidity is 71%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
10.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
July, the warmest month of the year, is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
17.7 °C, with a minimum of
13.1 °C and a maximum of
22.2 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
8 °C. However, it dropped to
4 °C in July 1996.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
29 °C. However, it reached
34.3 °C in July 1994.
Precipitation amounts to
80 mm, distributed over 9 days.
The day lasts on average 17 hours and 40 minutes. So the days are very long.
There are on average 10 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 56% of the time.
The average humidity is 76%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
16.2 °C. Therefore, the sea is cold for swimming.
August is generally a very mild month. The average temperature is of
16.6 °C, with a minimum of
12.3 °C and a maximum of
21 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
6 °C. However, it dropped to
3.2 °C in August 2010.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
27.5 °C. However, it reached
34.2 °C in August 1992.
Precipitation amounts to
85 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 15 hours and 25 minutes. So the days are long.
There are on average 8 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 50% of the time.
The average humidity is 80%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
17.5 °C. Therefore, the sea is cold for swimming.
September is generally a mild month. The average temperature is of
12.2 °C, with a minimum of
8.4 °C and a maximum of
16.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
2 °C. However, it dropped to
-4.1 °C in September 1993.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
22.5 °C. However, it reached
28 °C in September 1992.
Precipitation amounts to
60 mm, distributed over 10 days.
The day lasts on average 12 hours and 50 minutes.
There are on average 5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 39% of the time.
The average humidity is 83%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
14 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
14.7 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
October is generally a quite mild month. The average temperature is of
6.6 °C, with a minimum of
3.7 °C and a maximum of
9.5 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-4 °C. However, it dropped to
-10.5 °C in October 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
15.5 °C. However, it reached
20 °C in October 2000.
Precipitation amounts to
75 mm, distributed over 13 days.
The day lasts on average 10 hours and 5 minutes.
There are on average 3 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 28% of the time.
The average humidity is 84%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
10.6 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
November is generally a cold month. The average temperature is of
2 °C, with a minimum of
-0.2 °C and a maximum of
4.1 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-8 °C. However, it dropped to
-18.8 °C in November 1993.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
10 °C. However, it reached
13.7 °C in November 2015.
Precipitation amounts to
65 mm, distributed over 12 days.
The day lasts on average 7 hours and 35 minutes. So the days are short.
There is an average of 1 hour of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 13% of the time.
The average humidity is 88%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
6.9 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.
December is generally a very cold month. The average temperature is of
-1 °C, with a minimum of
-3.1 °C and a maximum of
1.2 °C.
On the coldest nights of the month, the temperature usually drops to around
-12.5 °C. However, it dropped to
-24.3 °C in December 2002.
On the warmest days of the month, the temperature usually reaches around
6.5 °C. However, it reached
11.6 °C in December 2015.
Precipitation amounts to
60 mm, distributed over 14 days.
The day lasts on average 6 hours and 10 minutes. So the days are short. December 21, the winter solstice, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
There are on average 0.5 hours of sunshine per day. So, the sun shines 10% of the time.
The average humidity is 88%. Hence, the air is normally humid.
The average wind speed is of
17 kph.
The average sea temperature is of
3.7 °C. Therefore, the sea is very cold for swimming.